The Matrix Essay -- essays research papers

The MatrixIn 1999 directors/writers Larry and Andy Wachowski (Bound) made a dark and often disturbing Science Fiction film, The Matrix. With the production expertise of Joel Silver (Commando, Predator, Lethal subdivision series, and Die Hard series), Andrew Mason (The Crow, Dark City) and Barrie M. Osborne (Face/Off, The Fan, Childs Play), The Matrix is sure to be a favorite among Science Fiction image fans for years to come. The Matrix win the Oscar award in all four categories it was nominated for Best Sound, Best Sound Affects Editing, Best Visual Effects, and Best Film Editing. More DVDs of The Matrix were sold then the movie The Titanic. The hard work of choreographer Yuen Wo Ping (Iron Monkey, Fists of Legends) make the fight scenes very much in the Hong Kong style of film-making, including the weaken where one of the fighters taunts the other, by daring them to be aggressive. The music featuring artists like Rob Zombie, Ministry, Deftones, and Monster Magnet, complements the mood of the movie remarkably well. The Matrix is filled with the spectacular optical effects of a science fiction masterpiece, and at the same time has the killer fight scenes that are included in a true carry through movie. Have you ever had a dream Neo, that you were so sure was unfeignedwhat if you were unable to awaken from that dream? How would you know the difference from the dream world and the real world? is one of many powerful quotes sp come forthed out by the mysterious Morpheus (Laurence Fishburne) throughout The Matrix. This particular quote however, is important to the audience because it serves as a action preserver to those who might get lost in the movies rather complex plot. It helps establish a common ground with each and every viewer alike in that everybody has had an experience where they couldnt tell if they were dreaming or not. In this apocalyptic science fiction action movie, Thomas Anderson (Keanu Reeves) is a mild mannered young man, who works as a systems programmer for a respectable software company. In his spare time Anderson assumes the role of Neo, a computer hacker who is guilty of every computer crime for which there exists a law against. Throughout his Anderson has had strange dreams of unreality, but hasnt been able to figure out their true meaning. He believes the only way to find the answer is to consult an all-powerful computer hacker (the fore mentioned ... ...e seen in a human being, as he dodges all of the bullets fired at him except one. The visual effect used to show Neo dodging the bullets in slow motion creates a sort of break dancing look that is astonishing.References to this film have appeared in movies as diverse as Battlefield Earth, Charlies Angels, Deuce Bigalow Male Gigolo, Kung Pow forecast the Fist, Osmosis Jones, Scary Move, Shrek, and Swordfish as well as a few commercials and television shows. The Matrixs popularity has even transferred itself to the computer desktop in the form of screensaver s, desktop themes, and wallpaper.The movie ends with the destruction of the agents by our hero Neo. He finally realizes that he is truly the chosen one. He actually begins to see the matrix for what it really is, and uses his own powers to belabor the agents. I feel that I may have spoiled much of the movie for you in my description, but I will have you know that the bear is quite worth your while. Hearing about this movie is not enough. As stated by the mysterious Morpheus towards the beginning of the movie, One cannot be told what the matrix is, he must see it himself. This movie is definitely worth taking the time to see.

The Collapse of the Egyptian Regime Essay -- Politics, Hosni Mubarak,

Three months ago, no one in the world could arrest expected the collapse of the Egyptian regime as a result of a popular revolution. The Egyptians revolted against the iron-fisted hand of the Egyptian president, Hosni Mubarak, over three main authorities in Egypt, which are the legislative authority, the executive authority, and the judicial authority. Revolutionaries also called for overthrow the Egyptian regime in order to achieve all their aspirations for a better life in Egypt, and this appeared clearly from their daily chant for eighteen continuous days, which was the hatful want to bring down the regime. They realized most of their aims through overthrowing Hosni Mubarak the last Egyptian Pharaoh, and agreed on the transferring of power from Hosni Mubarak to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces to take restrainer of the nation in a short transition period. The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces exerted all their efforts in order to meet the key demands of the revolution aries through suspension the constitution, and pertinacious to form a mission to amend changes to some constitutional articles so as to use them in issuing a constitutional declaration. After the committee had finished the amendment of the constitutional articles, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces asked citizens to participate in the referendum and not to boycott this process. In fact, most Egyptians, who have the right to vote, agreed on move in the referendum, although they didnt decide whether to vote yes or no accordingly, they drew the worlds attention due to their gigantic contribution in the referendum because they sour out on Saturday, March 19th, to vote on the amendment to nine constitutional articles. The scene was incredible ... ...h many citizens may have other reasons which drove them to participate, I think that there were four main catalysts, which were the main driving forces behind this massive turnout of Egyptians to vote in the referendum. In fact, vot ers participated in the referendum because of their conviction with the loveliness of the referendum, their feeling free to vote, and their participation due to the influence of many groups, which pushed them to look for stability and safety. In my humble opinion, all Egyptians must thank the martyrs for all they have sacrificed in order to see this day. I think that we should be proud of ourselves, and we must recognize changes, which we made in the world that motivated Austrian chairwoman Heinz Fischer to say The people of Egypt are the greatest people of earth and they should deserve a Nobel Prize for Peace quoted in (Shehab, 2011).

Comparing Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience and Kings Letter From a Birming

Comparing Thoreaus Civil Disobedience and Martin Luther Kings Letter From a Birmingham Jail The two essays, Civil Disobedience, by Henry David Thoreau, and Letter From a Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King, Jr., effectively illustrate the authors opinions of justice. Each author has his main point Thoreau, in dealing with justice as it relates to government, asks for non at once no government, but at once a better government. King contends that injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. twain essays offer a complete argument for justice, but, given the conditions, Kings essay remains more effective, in that its persuasive techniques have more practical application. Both essays extensively implement both emotional and ethical appeal to give their respective ideas validity. One persuasive technique that each author implements to support his ideas emotionally is the engagement of biblical allusion. However, in comparison, Kings use is stronger in that the tone of h is allusions is more appealing to the reader. Kings allusions cause the reader to want take action against injustice, whereas Thoreaus are darker -- more potential to make the reader want to submit to and accept the injustices portrayed. For example, King, in his first biblical allusion, manages to draw glory into his struggle by comparing himself with the Apostle Paul, feeling compelled to film the gospel of freedom beyond my particular home town, just as Paul left his little village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to a lot every hamlet and city in the Graeco-Roman world.. . . This stirs admiration in the reader for King and adds relevance to his struggle. Later King discusses the history of his style of civic dis... ...ide . . .one does not remain inert to make way for the other, but both obey their own laws, and spring and grow and flourish as best they can, boulder clay one, perchance, overshadows and destroys the other. All three of these comparisons, while being beneficial to the essays main idea, are too obscure and irrelevant to have any real persuasive power. Granted, both essays effectively implement both emotional and ethical appeal to the reader in order to be persuasive, and each, given the right conditions has the potential to be as effective. But, given the conditions we are under, including the time frame, (Civil Disobedience was written over one hundred years before Letter From a Birmingham Jail) Kings essay, overall, features more of the characteristics, as well as the accessibility to produce a higher level of comprehension and relevance for the reader.

Reading Comprehension :: essays research papers

READING COMPREHENSIONThis test measures your ability to understand what you read. You whitethorn be asked to&61623 identify the relationship between sentences&61623 distinguish between the main and secondary ideas&61623 make inferencesDIRECTIONS Read the statement or passage and then choose the best answer to the question. Answer the question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the statement or passage.1. Myths are stories, the products of fertile imagination, sometimes simple, often containing profound truths. They are not meant to be taken too literally. Details may sometimes appear childish, but close to myths express a cultures most serious beliefs about human beings, eternity, and God.The main idea of this passage is that myths(a) are created primarily to entertain young children(b) are by choice written for the reader(c) provide the reader with a means of escape from reality(d) illustrate the values that are considered important to a society2. Australia ha s some strange beasts, one of the oddest of which is the koala. Perfectly adapted to one specific tree, the eucalyptus, this living teddy bear does not need anything else, not even a inebriation The moisture in the leaves is just right for the koala, making it the only land animal that doesnt need water to supplement its food (from That Astounding Creator record by Jean George).The passage indicates that the koala(a) is a member of the bear family that does not need moisture to live(b) gets all of its nourishment from the eucalyptus tree(c) adapts itself to any surroundings(d) is the only animal that does not need food to live3. It is early summer. Augusts long-awaited vacation time still seems ages away, but by the same(p) toke, its torpor-producing heat and mildew-generating humidity have not yet arrived. Instead, these cool, end-of-June days practically insist on getting the picnic season under way immediately. But, alas, in that respect is a difficulty alfresco dining has a bad name among us. Tenth-rate hot dogs, carbonized chicken parts, and beef a-la-charcoal are principally what comes to mind when we hear the row "outdoor food" (from A Spanish Picnic by Robert Capon).The passage suggests that the author believes that(a) picnicking in August is long-awaited(b) August is better than June for a picnic(c) there are some negative aspects to eating outside(d) picnicking is better alfresco4. In embarking on the fight for independence, America faced formidable obstacles. The Continental coitus did not have the authority to pass binding legislation or to impose taxes.

Conflict Between Andrew Jackson And The Cherokee :: American History

To own land, that is the privilege of whom? To Andrew Jackson the Cherokees current homesteads where on his countrys land. For any(prenominal) movement at that time some people living in America werent treated as good as there whiteness counterparts. Meanwhile the Cherokees principal chief John Ross felt like that land belonged to his people. If you want to get technical he was speaking on the behalf of a population that made up a mere one-eighth of his ancestry. Not exactly a full blooded leader. He also was one of the main reason the trail of tears was as hostile and brutal as it was on his people. Its ironic, even as hard as Jackson pushed and deceived the Cherokee, the Cherokee people in overthrow pushed back, but past the point of being rational. Some of these individual efforts worsened the outcome for the whole tribe. Jacksons manipulative ways of handling this emplacement in office and out of office forced the Cherokee to make hard decisions, and I feel like these decisio n makers for the Cherokee failed miserably. The reason behind the lack of ardor on Jackson is quite obvious, politicians have been acting like politicians well since the very beginning. As selfish and egocentric as his view was, he knew what the was vent to do, and being president of this provideful nation not much any one nation could do to stop him let alone the nation of a tribe. To any logically thinking person the senate wasnt a roadblock to Jackson it was a mere bump in the road. Even the Cherokee tribe knew what power he possessed. That is why the smart two thousand Cherokee, resigned themselves to the inevitable, asked their belongings, and headed west (AJ vs. the CN). The rest ignorantly stuck behind because they had faith in the false hope that John Ross would be their savior. This being the basis for the remainder of my discussion of the Cherokee tribe, the faulty leadership. The leaders inability to act for the overall well being of their tribe cost the Cherokee supp lies, land, and most importantly lives. In a huge sense, it was John Ross being jokingly overambitious during his negotiations with the President that caused a lot of their pain and suffering. He also was the main congressman behind trying to resist the government even after the two years was over, not to mention the whole two years they had to leave.

Conflict Between Andrew Jackson And The Cherokee :: American History

To own land, that is the privilege of whom? To Andrew Jackson the Cherokees current homesteads where on his countrys land. For whatever reason at that time some people sustenance in America werent treated as good as there white counterparts. Meanwhile the Cherokees principal chief John Ross felt care that land belonged to his people. If you want to get technical he was speaking on the behalf of a tribe that made up a mere one-eighth of his ancestry. not exactly a full blooded leader. He also was one of the main reason the trail of tears was as hostile and brutal as it was on his people. Its ironic, even as hard as Jackson pushed and deceived the Cherokee, the Cherokee people in turn pushed back, but past the point of being rational. Some of these single efforts worsened the outcome for the whole tribe. Jacksons manipulative ways of handling this situation in office and out of office forced the Cherokee to turn over hard decisions, and I feel kindred these decision makers for the Cherokee failed miserably. The reason behind the lack of attack on Jackson is quite obvious, politicians have been acting like politicians well since the very beginning. As selfish and egocentric as his view was, he knew what the was going to do, and being president of this powerful nation not more than any one nation could do to stop him let alone the nation of a tribe. To any logically thinking person the senate wasnt a roadblock to Jackson it was a mere bump in the road. Even the Cherokee tribe knew what power he possessed. That is why the smart two thousand Cherokee, resigned themselves to the inevitable, asked their belongings, and headed west (AJ vs. the CN). The rest ignorantly stuck behind because they had faith in the false hope that John Ross would be their savior. This being the basis for the remainder of my discussion of the Cherokee tribe, the faulty leadinghip. The leaders inability to act for the overall well being of their tribe cost the Cherokee supplies, land, and most importantly lives. In a huge sense, it was John Ross being facetiously overambitious during his negotiations with the President that caused a lot of their pain and suffering. He also was the main voice behind trying to resist the government even afterward the two years was over, not to mention the whole two years they had to leave.

DBQ for AP United States History Essay

Britains taxation on the American colonists greatly affected the relationship between the two nations. Moreover, the colonists were not being represented. The feeling of deprivation not only angered the Americans, but may have as well opened their eyes to see the need of a revolutionary movement.Thomas Jefferson states in A Summary View of the Rights of British America that they possessed a right, which nature has given to all men. The British divest the colonists of these rights when they did not allow a lesson in the House of Commons, as decided in the Resolutions of the Stamp chip Congress of 1765. This was especially unfair for the colonists for they were not only being taxed, but also received nothing in return for their own benefit. Additionally, the taxes did not profit the colonist itself. Rather, all tax profits went to Britain. It was a way for the British to withhold the financial debts from the Great War for Empire. Taxation on the colonists was a way the British liq uidated its war debt, as stated in register N. As verbalize in the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms (Document I), The colonists did not give consent to Britain to take away their money by exploiting the land by heavy taxes. They felt that only they had the power and the right to tax themselves.As new heavy taxes piled upon each other, the colonists realized even more the need of an outbreak from Britain and the destruction it has brought upon the colonists. Thomas Paine explains in Common Sense that there is something very absurd in supposing a continent to be perpetually governed by an island. Paine is adage that a small island like Britain cannot rule a big continent, as a small child cannot rule grown adult. The author of the Stamp Act and former Prime Minister George Grenville states that Great Britains intention is to protect America and nothing more. By doing this favor, he believes America should yield to British place and practice obedience.Thom as Paine rebuttals and argues that only small islands that are incapable of protecting themselves should be the ones who are taken under a kingdoms care. Paine believes that this is not the case for the colonists. He sees that America is not a small island in need of help. Rather, America is geographically secure, politically mature, prosperous, dynamic, and self-reliant, as Lawrence Henry Gibson states in Document O.Thomas Paine also calls for a move towards democracy. The American people could no longer live under the bondage of British authority, which stripped them of their natural rights. Britain, for example, deprived the colonists of the accustomed and inestimable privilege of trial by jury, (Document I) which they claimed to have violated their life and property. Document L illustrates of the austerity of British rule. A woman laic on the ground naked and distressed, while British officials watch with pleasure.Surely, they had to respect for the motherlands offspring. Clear ly, this is not a way to show that the British protected and cared for the colonists as George Grenville previously stated when he spoke on Repeal on January 14, 1766. Because of unequal treatment, the American desire for equal representation grew the more.The unfair treatment of the British to the Americans only pushed the colonists to their limit. Taxation without any representation, or benefits in return truly raised an issue of equality. The British has suppressed the colonists. Weary of this, the colonists moved towards a revolutionary movement, wanting to escape the British Crown and authority, but all the more, where they would take up on democracy in which they could practice equal representation.

Life in Russia

It is quite possible that Russia may be best known for its long, and sulphurous spends. This extreme coldness also aided the country as a whole by keeping invaders at bay For example, Adolf Hitler, and his Nazi army, were hesitant in entering the country during World War II. In Moscow, degree Celsius c everywheres the ground for at least five months of the year. In the Northern most(prenominal) region of Russia, there is snow present for between eight and ten months. Most of the coastal waters, such as ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams, remain frozen during the majority of the year.But after the harsh winter months have past, the weather swings harshly in the opposite direction. During the warmest days of the summer, it is non uncommon for the mercury to hit 100? F, although they average around 60? F. precipitation throughout the year, rain, sleet, and snow, is usually light to moderate. The wettest fiber of the country is the European Plain, or the East Siberian Uplands, where rain falls on a daily alkali during the spring. The majority of the vast inland receives little or no rain, but approximately four feet of snow during the winter.Russians, like Ameri great deals, enjoy watching television, and reading. They also hunch to p drop chess visit the movie theaters soak up the culture of an opera, or play travel to a local museum go for a walk, or participate in sports. The establishment of Russia strongly sustainments athletic events, in particular team sports. Soccer is unopposed as the most popular participant, and spectator sport in the country. Russians also enjoy gymnastics, basketball, and during the winter, ice hockey is a hit among the children of the countrymen. Russians also enjoy nature. They really enjoy going on hikes, and spending time in the forests. more have country cottages called dachas. There, they garden, hike, bicycle, swim, fish, gather mushrooms, and take part in the early(a) outdoor activities. Russian mass also love going on vacation to places other than their dachas during the summer. Popular vacationing sites include the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the Volga River. In Russia, fighting has been a way of life, as seen during all parts of its history. Russia has been a fighting country since the 800s. They were involved in constant war with the Mongols. Also, courteous war has been a enormous problem for the Russians.In the early 1600s, a civil war broke out, inspired by an invasion by the Mongols, and the political confusing that followed about killed the country as a whole. Most recently, Russia was involved in World War I, fighting countries such as Germany, and Austria-Hungary. Shortly after, there was another civil war between the Communists and the anti-Communists. This war lasted two years, and ended up with a commie victory that led to the establishment of the USSR, or the Union of Soviet Social Republics, or in Russian, Rus Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, A union of the s everal countries that lay around Russia.Politically the USSR was divided (from 1940 to 1991) into 15 constituent or union republics-, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Estonia Gerogia, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia Russia, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan, until its breakup in 1991. Since then, Russia, and other Soviet republics have become independent nations. The most well known being the Ukraine. Ukraine broke off, and quickly established its own currency, the Ukraine Ruble.The Ukraine is constantly bragging to Russia of all its wealth, but the Ukraine also boasts much higher(prenominal) inflation, and higher unemployment, for they are not as successful as they brag to Russia to be. Russias wellness care is free to its citizens. The governance cares a pot about the health of its citizens, and it most certainly shows. Theyre committed to meeting the basic needs of its people. Because of their poor economic claim, the government does not have sufficien t funds to support its health-care systems. This has led to medicine and equipment shortages, and low wages for health-care providers.Russia has an abundance of farmland. Due to the short growing season, insufficient rainfall, and lack of fertile soil, farming in Russia is extremely difficult. Many of the farms are operated like government factories. These farms are called sovkhozys. People do work, but dont have much say in whats grown. The other farms, called Kolkhozys, are government controlled, but partly managed by the farmers. What goes on here is that the farmers decide what to grow and the government tells them if it is acceptable to them or not. The major crops grown in Russia are barely, fruits, oats, potatoes, sunflowers, rye, sugar beets, and wheat.The diet of the Russians is very healthy and hearty. They eat bread virtually every meal. They also consume large quantities of sugar. Their main mode of preparing fodder is by frying. They also drink large amounts of tea be cause coffee is too expensive. Their trademark drink is Vodka. They also drink wine, champagne, beer, and other alcoholic beverages. Alcohol convolute has been and remains to be a major social problem in Russia. The education in Russia is much different then the USAs method of education its people. It consists of first through 10th grade, plus higher education.Using this method, which may seem abridged to Americans, eliminates two years of useless(prenominal) classes, and allows for Russians to leave school, and both begin to work, or go on to higher education. Elementary school consists of first through fourth grade. Classes meet six days a hebdomad for 4 ? hours a day with shorter periods on Saturday. Courses include math, art, music, language, P. E. , simple skills, and history. Intermediate grades consist of fifth through eighth grade. They meet thirty hours a calendar week and are taught, zoology, physics, geography, shop work, and chemistry.Secondary grades consist of ninth through tenth grades and consist of math, science and work skills in different trades. This is to meet the governments need for specialists in science and Industry. Graduates with high marks receive medals and are relieved from required mandatory service so the can continue their education these mandatory services include 2 years of military service for all graduates, except when they are relieved to pursue higher education. The higher schools that are present in Russia consist of 650 specialized schools and 70 universities which are currently educating some 6 ? illion students.Most programs take five years to complete, and then they must work for the government for 3 years, in order to repay their country for relieving them of their mandatory military service. They receive their diploma after one year of work. Russia thinks education is their road to success, and rather of offering countless useless classes, Russia provides healthy education, with strong emphasis on chemistry. Th ey have over 52 million students and a strong majority of Russias country men are able to read and write in their native language.The U. S. S. R has a long constitution that gives all political cause to the people and their elected representatives. However the countrys completely controlled by the communists. The Soviet Union lets no other political party to oppose the communist party. The ironic thing is and 17 million of the people in Russia are actually communists. Russias government resembles a triangle because each government body has to report to a higher authority. At the top of this triangle is the Supreme Soviet of the USSR The members are elected to 5 year terms and they only meet twice a year for about two weeks.They pass without question all the laws proposed by the communists party. The freedom of the Supreme Soviet is the head of state or president. He is elected by the communist leaders and he handles legislative matters between sessions of the Supreme Soviet. The c ouncil of Ministers are another government group in Russia and are the highest executive body. It controls economic and cultural life through various ministries and committees. The council of ministries also handles relations with other nations. It consists of 120 members, many of them are the highest ranking officials in the communist party.The Russian Jewish-Orthodox Church was the central organized religion of Russia until the communists came to power. Communists are atheistic (people who are against the belief in God or Gods) and they view religion as Opium for the people a drug, or disease. When the communists came to power they destroyed performes and killed church leaders. However religion in Russia survived. In the 1940s, persecutions and restrictions eased up mainly because the church supported the governments choice of being involved in world war two. Then in the late 1850s the communists began closing non official places of worship.They also time-tested hard to discour age religion through education and propaganda. Still religion survived, there are 20 to 45 million followers of the Russian Orthodox Church The people in the former Soviet Union are still among the most spiritually open people in the world especially the youth and for this, the number is rising. Muslims are the second largest religious group. Some religions like Jehovahs witness are strictly prohibited by the communists. Russian language is remarkably similar even though there is such a diverse population. Russian language is understood from the west to the east part of the country.The Russian language is based on the Cyrillic alphabet. Certain minorities in Russia have their own language but they speak Russian as a second language. Russia like most countries has both urban and rural life styles. ? of Russias people live in cities. Russia has 35 cities that have 800,000 people or more, and Moscow along with St. Petersberg has 4 million. Many modern conveyances such as plumbing and air conditioning are not form. There is also a shortage of food and too much crime in Russian cities. Farmers populate much of Russia rural areas.There is also a lot less education and health care in the rural areas of Russia, for schools are not easily paid for in areas such as these. Russia is one of the richest countries on essential resource. Russias vast area provides for a lot of forest space, and water for hydraulic energy. There are also extensive mineral deposits. Russia also has a wide variety of found and animal life. Industry is vital to Russias economy. Moscow and St. Petersberg are the biggest areas for manufacturing in Russia. Russia produces a lot heavy machinery and has many chemical, oil, and plant refineries as well.St. Petersberg also has a large ship building industry, and an even larger airplane parts industry. There is heavy trading with the US in airplane parts. Russias chemical plants produce items such as chemical fibers, mineral fertilizers, plastics, and synthetic resins. Transportation in Russia is very difficult because of its lack of roadstead and its vastness. Trains are the most common form of transportation and shipping. Aero Flat is Russias national airline and makes up most airline travel, although most people are unable to afford the enormous bill created by purchasing an airline ticket through Aero Flat.Roads are not commonly found because only 60 out of every 1,000 Russians own a car. City travel in Russia is taken care of by buses, trains, and subways. Communication equipment is unevenly distributed and not modernized, because of this only 15 out of every 100 Russians own a telephone. Russia is in a state of economic turmoil at the moment. It has had a lot of trouble moving from a centrally planned economy to a modern market economy. However Russia is making advancements under president Yeltsin Inflation take flight from 131% to 22% in 1996.These advancements are partially due to the fact that now, 80% of industry i s now privatized meaning, that 80% of all goods produced in Russia, are produced in a private sector of the country, by companies who control themselves. As of May 16, 1999, one United States Dollar would be converted into 24. 7367 Russian Rubles. Currently over 30 billion United States Dollars circulate throughout Russia, for just as in all foreign countries, the Russians hold on to the Dollars, and when the exchange rate is just right, they can make a pretty profit from their Dollar. Unemployment is not a very big problem in Russia.Only 9. 3% of its population remain unemployed, going away a 73 million manned labor force ready to work. Many of these men work closely with the government, packaging and shipping exports, or receiving and checking over its imports. Major exports of the country include petroleum, natural gas, metals, and chemicals. Hard to find in Russia, and therefore heavily imported are machinery, medicines, meat, grains, and especially sugar. The majority of this t rading is do with North America, although Russia is also close trade partners with most of Europe, Japan, and some third world countries.

Community Policing

In my imprint to image the way things are today you must(prenominal) first understand the history and background. So with that being said I would start off the class with the history and background of policing. The modern concept of police was started in capital of the United Kingdom in 1829 by Robert Peel. Robert Peel felt that the law should be responsible up to the prosecution phase unless the trial, conviction and punishment phase should be the responsibility of another party. However, Robert Peels approach and familiarity policing one thing is the main goal and thats stay freshion of abhorrences. http//voices. yahoo. com/law-en extortment-sir-robert-peels-concept-community-638595. html) I would then go into the times for reform which occurred in the late 1800s. I would discuss American history which was divided into three ages. These three geological terms were the political era, the reform era and the community policing era. The political era this occurred from 1840 t o 1930. This focuse on close ties between police and politicians as well as first emphasis on making politicians happy. adjoining was the reform era that occurred from 1930 to 1970.This cogitate on professional crime fighting and arrest were the main focus of police. Then last was community policing from 1970 and is still used today. The focus of this era was partnership between police and the community. (http//www. grossmont. edu/lance. parr/intro4. htm) Community policing and problem solving gives the public an chance to work with police in order to prevent crimes. In conclusion our country has continued to follow Robert Peels ideas of effective policing. Before policing can be effective the community and the police must work together to recognise this happen.Peel believed that the police are the people and the people are the police. (http//voices. yahoo. com/law-enforcement-sir-robert-peels-concept-community-638595. html) References http//voices. yahoo. com/law-enforcement-si r-robert-peels-concept-community-638595. html http//www. grossmont. edu/lance. parr/intro4. htm Community Policing and Problem Solving by J. Peak 2012 summarize the three eras of policing (political, reform, and community). Identify and briefly discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each era.Respond in no less than 300 words. The three eras of policing are political, reform and community. Each new era brought forth something different to the police force. In 1844 New York establishes a police force for New York City. Unlike others this police force was different. The city government and politicians had checker of the police force even as far as selecting officers. This era was know as the political era. This meant there were close ties between the police force and politicians. The main goal was to make the politicians happy.In 1930 the political era became the reform era. This era focused mainly on the arrest of individuals which meant professional crime fighting. Officers were t o enforce the laws and make arrest whenever possible. When bigger problems arose a special type of unit was assigned instead of assigning an officer to a case. During the professional or reform era crime began to rise, fear in people arose, minorities did not receive their treatment by police adequate or equitable, and police began to be in rivalry with one another.This era was about to end and a new one began. In 1970 a new era began which was known as community policing. This focused on a partnership between police and the community. At this time it was suggested that patrol officers performance would improve by reorganizing the jobs based on the officers. This later became known as team policing. The idea of team policing was to restructure the departments, improve police-community relations, enhance police officer morale, and facilitate change in the police organization.Now with the new era in place a system was developed called COPPS which means Community Oriented Policing and Problem Solving. The community and police officers working together to prevent crime is now the culture to many police organizations. I believe that the era that works best for police organizations is the community era this gives police and the community the opportunity to work together to prevent crimes which should be the main focus. (Ken Peak 2003 professor of criminal justice) References http//www. policechiefmagazine. org/magazine/index. cfm? useaction=display_arch&article_id=1968&issue_id=122009 1. What were the primary findings and recommendations of the Wickersham Commission? What changes resulted from these recommendations? How did the work of O. W. Wilson, sublime Vollmer, and J. Edgar Hoover further reform policing in this era? Respond in no less than 250 words. President Hoover created the Wickersham Commission because of arguments over prohibition and the citizens concerns on crime increased. The Chicago gang wars and the Valentines Day Massacre brought on most of the concerns from citizens.Hoovers idea of the Wickersham Commission was to improve the notably ineffective enforcement of prohibition. A list of Wickershams conclusions and recommendations was provided to try and ease the concerns of citizens. The counselling is opposed to repeal of the 18th amendment, to the restoration in any manner of the legalized saloon, to the federal or asseverate governments such as going into the liquor business, to the proposal to modify the National Prohibition Act so as to permit manufacture and sale of sluttish wines and beer.The commission is of opinion that the cooperation of the states is an essential element in the enforcement of the eighteenth amendment and the National Prohibition Act throughout the territory of the United States that the support of public opinion in the several states is necessary in order to insure such cooperation. The commission is of opinion that prior to the transit of the Bureau of Prohibition Act, 1927 the agencie s for enforcement were badly organize and inadequate that subsequent to the enactment there has been continued improvement in organization and effort for enforcement.The commission is of opinion that the present organization for enforcement is still inadequate. The commission is of opinion that the federal appropriations for enforcement of the eighteenth amendment should be substantially increased and that the vigorous and better organized efforts which have gone on since the Bureau of Prohibition Act, 1927, should be furthered by certain improvements in the statutes and in the organization, personnel and equipment of enforcement, so as to give enforcement the greatest practicable efficiency.Some of the commissions were not convinced that prohibition under the eighteenth is unenforceable and believe that a further trial should be made with the help of the recommended improvements, and that if after such trial effective enforcement is not secured there should be a revision of the am endment. Others of the commission were convinced of the opposite they believed that it has been demonstrated that prohibition under the 18th amendment is unenforceable and that the amendment should be immediately revise.The commissions did agree that if the amendment were to be revised it would read Removal of the causes of irritation and resentment on the part of the medical profession by The commission concluded by doing away with the statutory reparation of the amount which may be prescribed and the number of prescriptions, abolition of the requirement of specifying the ailment for which liquor is prescribed upon a blank to go into the public go leaving as much as possible to regulation rather than fixing details by statue.The commission also concluded that the removal of the wild provisions in section 29, National Prohibition Act, as to cider and fruit juices by making some uniform regulation for a refractory alcoholic content. Increase of the number of agents, storekeepers- gaugers, prohibition investigators, and special agents increase in the personnel of the Customs Bureau and in the equipment of all enforcement organizations. The commission concluded that the enactment of legislation to prohibit independent denaturing plants.The commission is opposed to legislation allowing more latitude for federal searches and seizures. The commission renews its recommendation of legislation for making procedure in the so-called padlock injunction cases more effective. The commission recommends legislation providing a mode of prosecuting petty offenses in the federal courts and modifying the Increased Penalties Act of 1929, as peck forth in the chairmans letter to the attorney general dated May 23, 1930. The commission met from 1929 to 1930 to work out the kinks in the recommendations and conclusions the final narrative was issued in 1931.The commission focused a lot on manufacturing and sales of liquor. The commission stated in the report that the eighteenth am endment should not be repealed but the government should spend more money and effort enforcing prohibition laws. (http//ehistory. osu. edu/osu/mmh/clash/prohibition/Documents/wickershamreport. htm) References http//ehistory. osu. edu/osu/mmh/clash/prohibition/Documents/wickershamreport. htm http//legal-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/Wickersham+Commission According to

Motivation Proposal Essay

Five savants pauperization to work together to prepare and present a paper for Finance tell apart. All students pull up stakes receive the same grade, regardless on how much effort and input they have put into the project. Two of the students are non pulling their weight. The first student only attends half of the time and does not have much to contribute, if anything. The second student seems uninterested and would rather tell jokes to pass the time since she does not need the grade to graduate. Question How to get the two students more motivated and involved in the project?Resolution Recommendations Unfortunately, there is no single magical statute for motivating students. Many factors affect a given students motivation to work and to learn (qtd. in Davis, Barbara) interest in the subject depend, science of its usefulness, general desire to achieve, self-confidence and self-esteem, as well as patience and persistence. And, of course, not all students are motivated by the s ame take to bes, needs, desires, or wants. near of your students will be motivated by the approval of others, some by overcoming challenges (Davis, Barbara).Both students appear to be uninterested in their grades or participation. As suggested by the Expectancy Theory in Contemporary Management by G. R. Jones and J. M. George, workers do not believe that performance and rewards are closely linked. Furthermore, workers do not value the rewards offered for performance. Both students see a lack of value for their participation. Suggestions Student 1 This student shows up only about half the time and does not participate. Could be that he/she does not feel that they have any real input that would be worthy liberal for consideration.They are withdrawn and unresponsive. Encouraging this student not only to participate, but also offering positive reinforcement in the way of compliments and showing sincere interest in their input, no matter how small, will help to build their esteem an d confidence, effectively drawing them into to becoming a better contributor to the group. This kind of reinforcement is also mentioned in Alderfers ERG Theory stating that relatedness is one of a persons highest needs which are encouraged through good relations and accurate feedbacks (Contemporary Management).Student 2 This student simply has no interest in the project or the needs of the other students because she has already earned her reward graduation. The final outcome, the grade, has no bearing on her and she is only half-heartedly attending and buying time until the class is over. Because this student feels that there is no gain or reward for her performance, it is suggested that the other students should try to snuggle the situation to meet her relatedness needs, that of interpersonal relations and feelings (Contemporary Management).Encourage this student to be part of the group on the academic level, suggesting that their thoughts and input are helpful and needed. in ad dition congratulate and praise the student for already having met the needs for graduation and how her knowledge would greatly benefit the group. This will help stroke her ego and since of worth objet dart also helping to meet another of her higher needs, that of self-development and creative work (Contemporary Management). Conclusion For both students to become more active and greater contributors to the project, the individualistic needs of each must be discovered and met accordingly.As it appears that neither student is too concerned about their grades, the next step is to decipher what does aggregation to them and how to meet those needs. The first student could be classified as an introvert, not comfortable being part of a group and not comfortable enough with their thoughts to share them with others. By encouraging him/her, asking questions, and openhanded appropriate praise when participation is given, this builds confidence and comfort and allows for the individual to be come more active in the project. The second student does not feel the need to participate because all of her requirements are met.She is merely going through the motions, waiting out her time until the class is finished. Encouraging her to become active because her opinions and input are valuable will help give her self worth and a sense of being needed, giving her a reason to have a more active role in the project. Works Cited Davis, Barbara Gross. Motivating Students. Tools for Teaching. 26, March 2010. http//honolulu. hawaii. edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/motiv. htm. Jones, G. R. & George, J. M. Contemporary Management. 5th Edition. ISBN 978007353022.

Instructional strategies and approaches Essay

Cognitive theories can be more easily applied, and changes and improvements can be more readily incorporated, as long as the teacher has had some specific training in knowing how savants learn. For example, grading might be an inaccurate measurement of assessment of the might of online education as it is not necessarily a true measurement of learning. Some students work hard to perfect their performance for a test at the end of the course, yet have learned very little.What is more important than simple measurements of right or wrong is to attempt, throughout the class, to see how each student is thinking. This can become apparent if a student is asked to explain his or her reasoning. The classroom is an environment that lends itself very well to written responses of explicit lines of reasoning. Once a students thinking becomes apparent in this way, the instructor can identify areas of prior knowledge and, should there be any misconceptions, can bodily structure teaching in such a way as to pay them.Alternatively, if apparent thoughts of the students as written in discussions reveal a solid and correct prior knowledge in this arena, the teacher would be able to reinforce this and help students to expand their knowledge still further and to make more connections. Furthermore, during the semester, students should be encouraged to develop their thinking and in this way can identify which areas they feel less confident about, and for which they would like some extra help.We help students assign and give the information automaticity by providing adequate opportunities for them to work with the surgical procedure and by providing feedback often. Students need the time to practice an activity until it becomes automatic for them. if we didnt practice math or if students had not been allowed to practice with their park rides designs, the results would not be of high quality. Students need both massed practice and practice over time before the process becomes inter nalized.Immersion is a great tool, but if we do not come back to the learning from time to time, often the learning is lost. That is why students may do well on the test this Friday over the math concepts studied this week, but try giving them a problem from this weeks work tercet weeks from now (Tileston, 2003). Reference Tileston, D. D. E. W. (2003). What Every Teacher Should Know About Using Media and Technology. Thousan Oaks, California Corwin Press.

In 1954 Herbert Morrison said that a ‘minister is responsible for every stamp stuck on every envelope’ in their department. Using examples, critically discuss whether the above statement is accurate today

IntroductionHerbert Morrisons comments represent an ideal of Ministerial certificate of indebtedness which his governmental heirs and descendants remove, in truth, abandoned to a large degree. In part this reflects new political realities and a change in the behaviour of politicians who strive to protect individual composition at the expense of what was once a sacred principle of Government1. The business to which Herbert Morrison solelyudes to arises often in the context of when a pastor should resign which has under bygone some(prenominal) tag transformations over the years as the apparatus of Whitehall has exploded and powers have been invested in individual ministers non-departmental bodies, public corporations and other agencies such as quangos2 straight off complement eer growing departments. As Diane Longley & Norman Lewis observe the roots of the principle stretch far back before Morrisons magazine to the days of Dicey where the liability to loss of office was ex tended to all official acts3 which invariably covered departmental maladministration to more serious matters. The principle, as a means of holding the decision maker branch of the political relation to account, has been justifiably described as hollow, a ruling fiction 4 and leading constitutional scholars have called for reform in this theater of operations as far back as the year 20005. Even back in 1956 Professor Finer cast doubt upon its very existence in the wake of the Crichel nap affair6. No such reform or replacement has ever arrived, however, and despite notable episodes such as the Hutton inquiry, the cash for questions probes and the recent expenses outrage in Westminster no alternative theory or principle has surfaced7. The operation of the principle has also been seen as not aiding government accountability but hinder it by many commentatorsMany students of public administration, including the authors, have long taken the view that ministerial tariff/accountabili ty (M.R.) as the ruling convention for transaction the executive to account is hollow. Indeed, operating at its most pernicious, it is a system for the mutually-reinforcing active concealment of government action and public purposes.8This evidence will stress on whether the principle of ministerial office, as described by Herbert Morrison, is still accurate in the political climate of 2012. In part 1 this essay will look into the Crichel Down affair of 1937 to establish the supposed convention and past in part 2 the Scott Report, which was commissioned after it emerged that Britain had sold weapons system to Iraq, will be analysed. The inescapable conclusion is that Morrisons bidding reflects a nobler and purer vision of politics than now endures and that the principle has been so eroded by time as to be virtually unrecognisable if indeed it existed in the first place.Part 1 Crichel Down affairAs Bradley & Ewing point out the Crichel Down Affair of 1937 is the acknowledged st arting point in any discussion of ministerial responsibility9. Farmland in Dorset, which was called Crichel Down, was acquired under compulsory purchase powers10 by the transmit Ministry in 1938 prior to the outbreak of war for a new bombing range11. Lieutenant Commander Marten asked that the land be sold back to his family (who had previous(prenominal)ly owned most of the land) but what followed was, in the opinion of the subsequent inquiry setup to investigate the affair, muddle, inefficiency, bias and bad faith on the part of some officials named in the repute12. In particular an inaccurate report was drafted by a junior genteel servant that led to the Ministry of Agriculture adopting a intention which deprived the former owners of rights in the land or as Wass succinctly puts it, bona fide applicants for the land had not been given the opportunity they had been promised to bid for a rental or for possession of the land13. Wass highlights the two senior civil servants ident ified by the inquiry who did attempt to cover their own tracks once the facts were apparentThe one mistake on which everyone seized was the impropriety of the two principal officials who, realising that applicants to rent or buy the land had not been given the opportunities they had been led to expect, sought to appear retrospectively to have considered their case. This was plainly wrong and would have been a suitable subject for a mild criticism by the Ombudsman, if he had existed at the time and had the case been referred to him. But it is elegant clear from the papers that, even if the applicants cases had been considered, the outcome, viz. a decision to continue to farm the unit as a single unit by a farmer of proved ability, would have been the same.14The end result was that the Minister of Agriculture, Sir Thomas Dugdale, resigned and the two civil servants were moved to other duties15. The constitutional legacy of Crichel Down was that it is now cited as the last example of a ministers acceptance of responsibility for all the acts of his department16. In the subsequent debate in the stick out of Commons Sir David Maxwells Fyfe, the then Home Secretary, sought to clarify four situations in which a Minister must vicariously accept responsibility to varying degrees for the actions or inactions of his civil servants ranging from where an explicit order is given to where action is taken by a civil servant of which the Minister disapproves and has no previous knowledge17. This continuum of responsibility did not contain any mention of resignation and the topic remains wedded to circumstances at that place is no duty on a minister to resign when maladministration has occurred within his or her department18. The key factors which influence a resignation are for the most part political a fact which is corroborated by Professor Finer19 and Bradley & Ewings seminal work on constitutional law20.Part 2 Arms to IraqBy the convention supposedly enlighten in the a ftermath of the Crichel Down affair the Ministers responsible for exporting arms to Iraq would have had to have resigned in the wake of the Scott Report into the affair in 199621. at long last there were no resignations despite a close vote in the Commons during the debate on the report. The conclusions of the report were, however, devastating in finding that there were numerous failings by ministers to keep Parliament appraised of their arms exporting policy and, fundamentally, they had misled Parliament, albeit not intentionally22. Instead the ministers involved managed to slip into what Margaret Liu has called an accountability gap which exploits the definitions given to responsibility and accountability respectively23. As Liu explainsA minister is accountable to Parliament for what had occurred in his department without that implying personal blame on the part of a minister if things had gone wrong. By contrast, a minister is said to be responsible for broad policy, and the iss ues that he/she has been personally involved, not for all department affairs. In other words, the minister is not responsible for what is done by the civil service in the Next Steps agency where he has delegated the accountability for administration from parent departments.24This relatively new artificial distinction allows ministers to escape responsibility for actions in their department carried out by civil servants and ultimately leads, as Liu rightly observes, to potential areas of government for which no one is responsible to Parliament, even though a minister remains accountable25. Thus despite all of the furore created by the report the ministers were ultimately able to hang onto their jobs and there was to be no supreme sacrifice a la Sir Thomas Dugdale in the Crichel Down affair. This distinction appears to have fuelled the practice of misleading Parliament and being creative with the truth to avoid liability in respect of departmental maladministration. As Liu points out individual ministerial responsibility essentially involves the private conduct of a minister, the ministers conduct of his/her department and vicarious acts of civil servants26. Personal conduct seems to be the exception with many ministers resigning because it was impossible to conduct their duties in the media glare27 but as Bradley & Ewing note there have been very few resignations by ministers taking vicarious responsibility for the errors of civil servants in their departments28. The level of culpability was high in the Arms to Iraq case and the fact that no minister lost their jobs is reflective of modern political times where no minister resigns unless the matter is exceptionally serious or private conduct is preventing them doing their jobs. As Longley & Lewis concludeIf the minister is indeed responsible for systems, then he is responsible for their affliction either directly or through the identification of those who are. If this is not the case, then plainly ministerial responsibility is a myth. soft the effectiveness of the convention has been erodedScott may have been successfully defused in the party-political arena, but if his report is left to gather dust when it is an indictment of the deep-seated failure of parliamentary government, then the fabled British system will deserve all the disapprobation which it is bound to receive.29ConclusionIn conclusion Herbert Morrisons statement was inaccurate even back in the political climate in which it was created a time when a minister would supposedly fall for the actions of any civil servant and would do the right thing by standing down30. As Professor Finer justifiably notes, the cases which precede the Crichel Down affair do not even lend substance to the convention and the principle in fact relies upon factors such as the mood of the Prime Minister and the will of the minister concerned rather than an overriding sense of accepting responsibility for the actions of others31. Applied to the moder n political climate the statement is wildly inaccurate with various commentators rightly alleging that it is a myth in the British constitution32. The Scott Report demonstrates the pliability of the principle well and the artificial distinctions between responsibility and accountability, inextricably linked, serve only to come on consign the principle to the dustbin of history save in the most serious of cases. Now creativity is used in giving answers to Parliament and all responsibility is to be evaded until the eleventh hour. This is, as noted in the introduction, a reflection of the growth of the apparatus of the state and the unelected power of ministers. Professor Finers four categories are more realistic even in 2012There are four categories of delinquent Ministers the fortunate, the less fortunate, the unfortunate, and the plain unlucky. After sinning, the first go to other Ministries the second to Another Place the third just go. Of the fourth there are but twenty example s in a century33Bibliography JournalsFiner, E.S. (1956) The private Responsibility of Ministers Public Administration 377Liu, Margaret L (2002) Ministerial Responsibility and Constitutional Law Coventry Law 7(2) pp25-37 at p.29Longley, D & Lewis, Norman (1996) Ministerial Responsibility The Next Steps Public Law Autumn pp490-507Wass, Douglas (1988) The Mystery of Crichel Down Public Law Autumn pp473 475BooksBradey, AW & Ewing, KD (2007) Constitutional & Administrative Law Pearson worldwideTomkins, raptus (1998) The Constitution After Scott Government Unwrapped Oxford University Press OxfordTurpin, Colin (1994) Ministerial Responsibility Myth or Reality? in J. Jowell and D. Oliver (eds.), The Changing Constitution, (3rd ed), pp. 114-115

“Barkley Fully Supports NBA`s New Dress Code”

This argument is intended to show that Charles Barkley, a major star in the National Basketball Association (NBA), hold backs the unpopular pasture code then-recently realised by the league. The writer intends to show that the dress code has support among the players and that there are good reasons to support the code.The writer apparently wants the reader to understand that 1) some basketball game players support this new rule, 2) that the manner in which people dress basin stimulate a difference in their lives, and 3) that some professional athletes can and do act as role models to their young fans.2. The liaison for the argument is both(prenominal) present and future. The send-off occasion arises from the ongoing argument that athletes should be role models for their fans, of which the dress code is a part. The second occasion for the argument is future, in that the present change that the source would like to effect would behave an effect at a future date. 3. This arti cle argues fact, evaluation, and proposal. It argues fact by describing the actual dress code and the evidence of the separate(a) basketball players behavior in response to it.It evaluates that behavior and the probable effect that inappropriate dress capacity have on teens. Finally, it proposes different behaviors for basketball players as a group. 4. The target audience for this article appears to be basketball fans, particularly teenagers and their parents. 5. This article makes appeals from of logos and ethos. The author argues logically, stating cause and effect in terms of both how basketball players examples have an effect on their fans and 2) how an individual dresses affects other peoples perception.In addition, it argues using ethos when the author describes the words and actions of Julius Irving and of Jay Leno. 6. Charles Barkley is fashioning the argument, which the author is reporting. Because Barkley is a basketball player himself, he appears to be reliable and to make a valid argument. 7. The author take in charges to make himself appear trustworthy by interviewing Charles Barkley for his article. In addition, he provides illustrations of other basketball players, possibly to indicate that he knowsor at least knows ofthe players of which he writes.8. Because Barkley was a basketball star and is currently employed as a TNT commentator, his words are already have authority. In addition, the author cites Julius Irving, the tape of the Jay Leno show, and the facts and figures involved in Barkleys charitable work and business. 9. The arguments made do not define what the appropriate forms of dress might be, either according to the dress code or according to society. Nor does the argument define what it means to dress like a basketball player, as unlike to what it means to dress like other people.In addition, the author does not describe how Charles Barkley himself dresses. 10. There is some attempt to argue the dress code from a racial perspec tive. However, a better argument that is also fey on is that young fans look up to professional athletes, who should provide good examples for them. The argument attempts to serve the interests of the fans, only professional athletes also gain from it by their increased credibility in the eyes of the public if they dress appropriately. 11. The argument is framed by the discussion of the filming of the Jay Leno segment.It is arranged as a story within a story, in which the author discusses a conversation that takes place during the event that he describes in the hatchway of the article. 12. The language of the article is straightforward and simple and addresses a topic that the audience cares about. It appeals to the audience by making its points in an easy to understand fashion. Work Cited Stewart, Larry. Barkley Fully Supports NBAs New Dress Code. Name of Textbook, editor name (ed. ). City of Publication Publishing House, date. 729-730.

An Effective Strategy Negotiation

Crouching behind a tight cordon of panda cars, the weatherworn SWAT team leader, complete with cap, bulletproof vest and loud-hailer, looks up to the third-floor window, clears his throat, and announces You might as well fall apart yourself up, Kowalski, weve got the place surrounded. His craggy face is bathed in the soft amber glow of the street light and a minute bead of sweat moves slowly down his temple. Kowalski, a wily old stager with wakeless pockmarks and a broken nose, is having n unity of it.After all, he has the (rather attractive blonde) hostage securely tied up and there happens to be a fridge full of beer in the office hes holed up in. So its a complete stalemate. Kowalski and his nemesis atomic number 18 simply going to fork over to start negotiating. In this case, dialogue is more than likely to be resolved in a bloody shoot-out. In the workplace, of course, talkss generally dont t bar to be conducted under such tense or dangerous circumstances. They do, howe ver, take place on a daily, unconstipated hourly, basis.In fact, they have become such a regular and ingrained part of working liveness that participants can determineily enter into them without even realising thats what theyre doing. Before we proceed, it is probably expenditure defining our terms, or at least borrowing a definition from personnel consultant Alan Fowlers book, Negotiating, Persuading and Influencing. Fowler explains that negotiation occurs whenever there is an issue that can non be resolved by one person acting alone it occurs when the twain (or more) people who have to be involved begin with different views on how to proceed, or have different aims for the outcome.There atomic number 18 two situations in which negotiation does not or cannot occur when one of the persons immediately agrees to what the Other is asking or suggesting and when one of the two adamantly refuses to even discuss the matter. You can see that the term covers a army of scenarios, from the widely reported collective pay-bargaining conducted by union officials and management representatives, to the more mundane business of negotiating a lease on a property or a suppliers contract.Negotiation is also a learn component in inter-office relationships, in instances where managers have no linear authority over a grumpy colleague but privation to persuade them to perform a specific task. Here, the negotiation is a tacit IOU- youve done me a favour, so Ill return it at a later date when you might need it. Managers are doing it all the clipping, confirms Roger Moores, an associate of the Industrial Society, who runs courses in negotiation and associated skills. I usually start my courses by asking how many of the people there are negotiators.Not many hands go up but, by the end of the school term, they authorise they do it all the time. We use the row of negotiation all the time too. Its a language that even children understand, based on the words if and then. If y ou do this for me, then Ill do that. In theory, its all wonderfully simple. Scores of self-help and how-to books have been written on the subject but the theorists by and large fall into two camps. There are experts, such as authors Fowler and Gavin Kennedy, who look at negotiation as a stage-by-stage process, comprising preparation, discussion, proposal, bargaining and finally closing.And then theres the American model, epitomised by the seminal text, Getting to Yes by William Ury, which is more foc utilise on personal relations within the workplace. As Moores rightly points out, the two approaches are by no means mutually exclusive. Though representative bodies such as the Institute of military group and Development and the Industrial Society offer dedicated courses on negotiation skills, the majority of managers in junior-grade to medium-sized businesses dont have the time or inclination to attend them.A few common-sense pointers, however, go a broad way. The first is to rec ognise when it is actually appropriate to negotiate. If managers negotiated everything, there wouldnt be time to do anything, reasons Moores. There are occasions when orders and dictatorship are required too. If a matter or issue is definitely worth negotiating, the next step is toassess its merits and how much time you can afford to devote to it. According to all the non-homogeneous pundits, the key to successful negotiation is all in the preparation.They insist that skills and techniques are generally acquired by traffic pattern and experience, and that preparatory work and patience will generally stand you in better stead than the represent of the gab or an aggressive stance. There is no point walking into an grand negotiation session hoping to wing it. whatever people are naturally better at negotiating than others, says Fowler. It requires a certain amount of brisk specifying and ability to respond quickly. You also need the confidence to be able to say Look, youve in crease something new.Can we adjourn this clash and continue tomorrow, by which time Ill have been able to gather my thoughts? Its important to know your own style and be comfortable with it. If youre stepping too far outside of yourself, you can end up seeming artificial. Yet Chris Grice, an assistant director of ACAS, the conciliation and arbitration service which has dragged countless industrial relations negotiations back from the brink, believes negotiation skills are more about nurture than nature.Theres a question as to whether negotiating is an art or a science, he says. You can be taught good negotiation, so Id say its a science Being taught how to mix colours doesnt invite you an artist. You can learn about negotiation strategy, how to read a situation, when the tune is right to confront an issue and when to apply a variety of different processes. forwardness is an often neglected area. If youre negotiating about pay, for example, you should be aware of the going rate, affordability and any other interested parties in front you go in. You need to be able to anticipate the other partys moves. While Grice admits that some of the negotiations he is called in to rbitrate are conducted in what he with admirable understatement describes as an adversarial atmosphere (potentially explosive in other words), he reckons that boilersuit he has witnessed as much civility as hostility. This, he believes, is because most of the participants at this level of negotiation tend to be astute practitioners, who realise that prickliness and emotional involvement will only hamper their efforts. Some of the best negotiators are mild-mannered but persuasive people, says Grice. They know exactly where they privation to be and realise they can get there in a civilised manner.After all, youve got more in your tool cabinet than a hammer. One problem often leads to another(prenominal). A manager may feel it necessary to excommunication overtime. The employees are unhap py and threaten industrial action but the manager should avoid the immediate chemical reaction to sack the ringleader. By doing so, the manager would have two problems to cope with instead of one. It is important to keep one topic in focus at a time. An easy does it ethos is especially important in small to medium-sized businesses, which rely on establishing and maintaining an ongoing network of reliable suppliers and subcontractors.If parties leave a negotiation feeling secure done by, the relationship is unlikely to be sustainable for any length of time. The main point is to make the person youre negotiating with think that they have achieved the best deal possible, says Frank Kings, managing director of Sovereign Contracts, a Midlands-based shop-fitting concern, whose clients accommodate IBM, SmithKline Beecham and Warwick University. Im eer looking for repeat business, so negotiation is as much about building a long-term relationship as striking the best deal at that particul ar moment.One should unendingly try to take a longer-term view. Susan Croft, a trainer at the Aziz Corporation, which specialises in spoken-communication skills training for business, shares Kings views. Negotiations, she maintains, are not necessarily confrontational, just a necessary means of ensuring that two or more parties are well-off with their lot. In a win-lose situation, you may have won the battle but not the long-term war, Croft says. You dont want the person youre negotiating with to be checking for their arms and legs on the way out. A degree of emotional detachment is a must.Losing your cool may mean losing the thread and the advantage. Concentration is also essential. The best negotiators are good listeners and observers too. By keeping your eyes and ears open, you can pick up valuable clues as to where the other side is hustling to compromise or where there are flaws in their argument, which you can exploit later. If you are so utterly determined to put across your own points, you may not hear what the other side is saying. Their military post may have changed and your initial standpoint may no longer be relevant or valid.Similarly, the other party should not be given too many hints. It is worth keeping your card game close to your chest in a negotiation. Dont give away more information than you have to. unblock nuggets sporadically and tactically when you feel they will make the most impact. Be aware of your body language because you might be revealing more than you think through your movements and mannerisms. If you look hard enough and think laterally, there are usually ways and means of clinching a mutually beneficial deal through negotiation.Phil Jones, managing director of solid Time, the London-based interactive design studio, recalls two recent instances where new clients wanted to launch mesh mesh sites but didnt have the requisite budgets. They were the type of high-profile clients and creatively challenging projects that Real Time was dandy to get involved in, however. If its a job you really want to do, you can always find a way of doing it, maintains Jones. The first was for the Formula 1 motor-racing team, Williams Motorsport They made the balance up in contra deals, mainly in tickets to some of the majorFormula 1 meetings. The tickets are like gold dust, of course, and can be used as a pat on the back for staff, or as an opportunity to pamper quick clients or woo new ones. Diesel, the Italian clothing manufacturer, which is quietly stealing a march on its rivals in the UK jeans market, approached Real Time towards the end of the financial year, when its promotional budget was running perilously low.Real Time managed to negotiate further projects the following year for completing the initial job an e-commerce site that allows rescript of clothes over the internet at a cut-price rate. Every job is like that. You have to be flexible to get the business, says Jones. Indeed, he is currently nego tiating a deal with the Football Association for an e-commerce meshing site dedicated to the UK bid for the 2006 World Cup. Real Time was responsible for the bids logo and original web site. The FA have a limited budget to spend across a range of media, so Im public lecture to them about perhaps receiving a percentage of whats sold from the new site, he explains. Thats really putting your money where your mouth is. Negotiation, then, is primarily about effective communication. Communicating what you want and what you have to offer, and then marrying that up with another partys requirements. A bit of imagination, flexibility and a well-considered strategy can go along way to meeting these ends. It is also worth remembering that how you put it is often as important as what youre actually saying. You should always try to express things in ways the other parties find palatable, so that no one loses face, says Grice of ACAS. advancement is half the battle.

Report on Feasibility Study to Start a Restaurant Essay

Hotel sedulousness is one of the essential industries. This industry serves the opposite customer in different aspects like taste, preference, price, quality etc. In Chennai, many varieties and verify of hotels are available. As Chennai is the manufacturing hub of India, different class of people make business meetings and dealings in different hotels which provides these facilities. Wide range of people travel to Chennai to earn their living and the thriving population has mostly change magnitude in the past few years. Apart from hotels, restaurants are the highly targeted places in Chennai.In this fast sorrowful world, people do not have time to cook their own food and take it to their devise place and even get ready with their breakfast. So, restaurants with different traditions of the south as well as northwesterly are started in and most Chennai. Considering this aspect, an idea to do research on the feasibility of starting a restaurant in Tambaram was taken up. Near Tam baram many manufacturing industries have rose up and the places in and around Tambaram have become residential areas but the number of restaurants is limited.So there is a niche commercialise to be captured by opening a restaurant in that area. Thus the aim of this study is to complete the customer preferences about the varieties of food and other aspects which will bring up the restaurant as a successful one. Chapter The focus group is a qualitative research method designed to ascertain the opinions, attitudes, and sort of target audiences. Typically, 8-10 persons meet to discuss topics selected and presented by a moderator, who afterwards prepares an analysis.For the feasibility study of starting a restaurant in Chennai, two focus group interviews were conducted with 10 participants who were native of Chennai and participants who were related to the hotel industry. In a controlled environment for duration of 90 minutes, the focus group interview was conducted in the presence o f a moderator. various ideas related to the customer involvement and expectations in the different food recipes and the external and internal environment of the hotel were discussed.

What Is Human Resource Planning and How Does It Contribute to Achieving an Organisations Goals

This essay discusses the importance of HR think and the major steps of planning in ordain to demonstrate its importance and use Forecasting Inventory, Audit, HR pick Plan, Acting on Plans, Monitoring and Control. So what is pitying resource planning and how does it contribute to achieving physical compositional goals? gracious resource planning is the responsibility of only(prenominal) told managers. HR planning links people management to the establishments mission, vision, goals and objectives, as well as its strategic plan.A key goal of HR planning is to provoke the right number of people with the right skills, sleep together and competencies in the right jobs at the right time and cost. When we prep ar our planning class, Employers /senior managers should bear in mind that their staff members keep back their consume objectives and that people argon different from the other resources that are deployed in an organization as people have thoughts, feelings, and aspiratio ns. This is the reason why employees seek employment within companies that watch their needs best (eg. Flexi building hours, train etc.. ).Human resources are the people that work for an organization, and Human Resource Management is concerned with how these people are managed. The term HRM has thus come to refer to an approach, which takes into account both The needs of the organization The needs of its people. Neglecting these needs would result in poor motivation that whitethorn devolve to unnecessary poor performance and even Industrial actions. Commencing an HR Plan is often complicated, but the results admit a smooth and efficient set of processes that allow organizational goals to be strived in an orderly fashion. homework involves gathering tuition that would en able managers and supervisors to make sound decisions. The information obtained is also utilized to make disclose actions for achieving the objectives of the Organization. There are m either another(prenom inal) factors that you have to look into when deciding on a HR prep programme. As mentioned above HR prep involves the gathering of information, making objectives, and making decisions to enable the organization achieve its objectives. When HR Planning is applied in the field of HR Management, it would assist to address the following questions How many staff does the Organization have? What is the cost of employees and can they be reduced? What type of employees as removed as skills and abilities does the Company have?How should the Organization best utilize the available resources? How can the Company curb its employees? Human resource management therefore involves finding out about the needs and aspirations of one-on-one employees, for modeling through the appraisal process and then creating the opportunities within the organization (e. g. through job enlargement) and outside the organization (e. . through taking up educational opportunities at local colleges/universities) for employees to improve themselves. HRM therefore relates to every feeling of the way in which the organization interacts with its people, e. g. by providing training and development opportunities, appraisals to find out about individual needs, training and development needs analysis, etc. Opportunities and courses for individuals to develop skills, knowledge and attitudes that help the organization to achieve its objectives. instruction the provision of opportunities and courses for individuals to develop skills, knowledge and attitudes that help themselves to achieve personal objectives. Training and development needs From the above we can see that HR have a spacious task keeping pace with the all the internal and external diverges and ensuring that the right people are available to the Organization at the right time. The changes in composition of a workforce not only influence the appointment of staff, but also the methods of selection, training, stipend and motivation.It b ecomes critical when Organizations merge, plants are relocated, and activities are scaled down due to financial problems. Poor HR Planning and/ or a lack of it in the Organization are likely to result in huge costs and financial looses. It may result in staff posts taking too long to be filled or unable to find the postulate skills. This can inflate costs and obstruct in effect(p) work performance and motivation as employees may be requested to work unnecessary overtime and may not put more effort due to fatigue / lack of motivation.If extra work is then delegated this may stretch employees beyond their capacity which willing cause unnecessary disruptions to the production of the Organization. Employees are put on a disadvantage because their lifestyles are disrupted and they are not given the bump to plan for their career development. The most important reason why HR Planning should be managed and use is due to cost savings and ensuring the right skills are available at the r equired time because costs form an important part of the Organizations budget, workforce Planning enables the Organization to provide HR provision costs.For archetype when there is a staff shortage, the organization can consider options other than just recruiting new staff, much(prenominal) as training and transferring of staff. The first step in HR Planning requires that we gather data on the Organizational goals objectives in effect its management understand where the Organization wants to go and how it wants to get to that point and vaticination serviceman resource availability. This involves an examination of the internal and external labour supply. Present employees who can be promoted, transferred, demoted or developed make up the internal supply.The external supply consists of people who do not soon work for the organisation. The needs of the employees are derived from the corporate objectives of the Organization. They stem from shorter and medium term objectives and the ir conversion into action budgets (eg) establishing a new branch in Singapore by January 2014 and staff it with an Office Manager ?30,000, an Administrator -?21,550, and two Sales staff ?18000 per year. For this reason the HR Plan will have a process to metamorphose planned Company strategies into planned results and budgets so that these can be converted in terms of bills and skills required.To forecast the organizations future HR requirements and determine from where they will be obtained. Three sets of forecasts are required a forecast of the demand for adult male resources a forecast of the supply of external human resources a forecast of the supply of human resources available within the organization After knowing what human resources are required in the Organization, they will then want to measure / analyze the current employees in the Organization. The HR inventory will relate to data concerning numbers, ages, and locations, and an analysis of individuals and skills.A Sk ills inventory provides detailed information on professional and technical skills and other qualifications provided in the quick. It reveals what skills are immediately available in the firm when compared to the forecasted HR requirements. Given the constant changes in our lives, competition and the world our HR resources can also change rapidly. HR inventory requires data to be collated the HR audit involves the examination and analysis of the inventories data. The Audit analyses what had occurred in the past and at present in terms of labor turn over, productivity, age and sex groupings, training costs and absence.With this information, you are better able to predict what will devolve to HR / be required in relation to the future of the Organization through patterns and trends. With the audit being completed we are able to look at career Planning and HR plans. People are the greatest assets in any Organization. Individual Organizations develop their employees in the way ideally suited to their individual capacities in accordance with their own goals. The main reason is that the Organizations objectives should be aligned as near as possible, or matched, in order to give optimum scope for the developing potential of its mployees. Therefore, career planning may also be referred to as HR Planning or succession planning- namely that what will happen if employee A leaves tomorrow? The main issues to consider with HR Are we utilizing all of the available talent we have in the Organization, and have we enough abilities for the future? Are employees satisfied with our interest in their growth in terms of advancing their career? Designating individuals to planned future posts enables the Senior management to ensure that these individuals are fitly prepared for roles that will arise in the future.There are three fundamentals necessary to take over actioning a plan To have a fixed direction. There must be acceptance and trade from top management for the planning. De tailed knowledge of the available resources (i. e) financial, physical and human (Management and Technical). HR Plans become bodily plans once they are acted upon as having been made and concurred with top management, the plans become a part of the companys long-range plan. Failure to achieve the HR Plans due to cost, or lack of knowledge, may result in long-term plans being adversely affected.Given that the success of an organization ultimately depends on how well its human resources are managed, HR planning will continue to grow in importance. Successful HR planning requires the HR manager to ensure that HR personnel understand the HR planning process sack management is supportive The organization does not start with an overly complex system The communications amidst HR personnel and line management are healthy The HR plan is integrated with the organizations strategic business plan There is a balance between the quantitative and qualitative approaches to HR planning.Monitoring and Control is the last stage of HR planning in the Organization. Once the programme has been accepted and implementation launched, it has to be monitored and controlled. The HR department has to make regular reviews to see what is happening in terms of the available resources and that processes are followed with appropriate / expected results (training, recruitment etc.. ). The aims of the reviews are to ensure that we utilize all talents and resources optimally to ensure goals are achieved. As we can see the HR plan is the basis of Human Resources Management.We now have a review of Human Resource planning and its importance as without it- we will not be able to utilize our Organizational talents effectively we are not likely to have the skills we require, when we require them, to complete projects effectively and maintain a competitive advantage. By using the available talents optimally and in an orderly fashion you are able to enhance profits and develop your company with token ish costs and this can only be achieved with adequate / sufficient HR Planning.

King Lear †Existentialism Essay

The term existentiality was used in the work of philosophers in the 1800s and the 1900s. The thought holds that people should focus on dealing with the present conditions of individual persons musical composition taking into account the individuals emotions, responsibilities, actions, and thoughts. This concept is reflected in Shakespeares King Lear play. For, example, King Lear knows that it is his responsibility to equally helping his commonwealth among his three daughters. He however decides to divide his kingdom to his daughters according to how the daughters supposedly love him.He thus disinherits Cordelia because of her genuineness which does not please him. Instead, he fortunes his realm to his other devil daughters since Cordelia speaks to him bluntly. Even though Cordelias statement is temperate and h cardinalst, it makes King Lear annoyed. By making this decision, King Lear demonstrates that he is not acute just is just thinking of himself. King Lear shows absurdism i n sharing his kingdom because he should share his wealthiness equally to his three daughters. He instead decides not to share it to Cordelia even though she is one of his daughters but he thought was not pleasing to him.He should not have ranked as one of his daughter. By being either good bad, King Lears daughters remain his. He should also record that what happens to a bad person can as well happen to a good person. This concept is evident later when we see his 2 daughters, who he formerly thought as special, seeing their male parent as foolish and old. On the other hand, Cordelia has a reason to decide to stay alone without cooperating with her familiar sisters because of what her father did to her.Her sisters could have reasoned and told their father that it was unfair not to give Cordelia a share of his kingdom since she was their sister. Their actions however show that they are also selfish. Cordelia is in perpetual despair later her father refuses to allow to her a port ion of his kingdom even though she is married by the king of France later. Moreover, King Lear denies Kent facticity by sending him away from the country for being against the decision of the king to refuse to give a share to his wealth to Cordelia his daughter.This is despite the fact that Kent returns into the country baring a new name Caius. King Lears authenticity makes him not to change his decision regarding how he has divided his wealth. In addition, King Lear facticity makes him employ Caius without cunning that Caius is indeed Kent whom King Lear previously sent from his country. While experiencing his own freedom as angst, King Lear discovers that his two daughters do not honor him any more for they are now powerful.Moreover, and their father at this date now does not have any power to control them. King Lear experiences anxiety and anguish after having seen that his daughters are ungrateful. This issue makes him to be enraged. He thus recalls the facticity that he ga ve to his daughters and feels very infuriated. He thus summarily denounces the daughters. At the end, King Lear is very embarrassed due to his two daughters who now do not respect him until he becomes mad. Cordelia and Kent, whom he thought as useless, are taking care of him.

Modern technologies, social media, and media freedom Essay

Modern technologies, mixer media, and media granting immunity - Essay ExampleIt is certain that the next platform shall offer better communication links between two or more peoples. In addition to that, communication may be faster as compared to the current communication speeds.The Internet as a modern technology has led to the rise of the social media (social networking) networks such as FaceBook, Tagged, Hi5, Twitter, MySpace etc. The social media in turn has its positive and invalidating influences on media granting immunitys/freedom of expression globally. Based on that notion, this newspaper publisher shall seek to analyse how social media has affected media freedom. In addition, the paper shall also look into the way forward with regard to social media and its impacts.The social media has its positive and negative personal cause which we all mother to live and deal with as a society/ globally. One of the positive effects of social media is that the information exchanged is in real time (immediately). However, this is the same aspect that has a negative impact with regard to social media existence. A good example of social media gone badly and change media freedom is when there were riots in London and Twitter was apparently the modern technology that was being utilize to propagate the riots. Apparently, Twitter was alleged to have mobilized the riots which initially started in Tottenham and due to the posting of pictures in Twitter, the riots extend very quickly to neighbouring cities such as Walthamstow, Enfield, Waltham Forest and Brixton (The Huffington Post, 2011).Self expression Different people have different ways in which they express themselves. Some people may express themselves in a manner that deems fit to them alone but not to everybody. Hence, a lot of people think that they lav express themselves as much as they want without being held accountable for what they say or do. fit to a survey that was conducted on the awareness of the legal consequences surrounding social media postings, approximately 65%

Musical Theaters Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Musical Theaters - Assignment ExampleThe first factor that made musical battlefield leap from okay to Rent is attributed to the uniqueness of the performances in theaters. (Everett & Laired, 2009). Theaters became revolutionized in that performances included singing, acting and jump. The actions of singing, acting and dancing instilled new life in the theaters, and eradicated the old fashion theaters, which only involved acting. In essence, the musical, Oh what a well-favored morning portrayed both aspects of signing and acting. The theme of the musical contained lyrics, which inspired a great crook of people, and this made the musical very appealing (Everett & Laired, 2009). The second factor that made musical theaters leap from Oklahoma to Rent is related to the society. The musical I will by Jonathan Larson is performed by individuals from impoverished societies faced with shun issues such as poverty and AIDS. Through this, the theater became appealing since many individuals found relevance succession in the theaters. Individuals in American societies and around the world, mostly the youths, found themselves on the negative side. Musicals such as Oh what a beautiful morning flourished as it touched a great number of individuals. The inspiring disposition of the two musicals Oh what a beautiful morning and I will added with the drama and music definitely appeals (Everett & Laired, 2009).

Is gambling a pastime or addiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Is gaming a delight or addiction - canvas ExamplePrediction cannot be made for all sporty risks like lotteries, some slot machines and keno but for certain other things like sports betting and horse racing, a prediction can be attempted, depending on the predictors expertise and insight. In the UK, there are a number of offline commercialized shimmer kinds available such as lotto, bingo, card games, sports-related betting, non-sports betting, scratch cards, roulette, slot machines, and football pools and spread betting (Griffiths, 2009).In the UK, the terms problem gambling and diseased gambling have been employed in a number of studies to explain gambling that affects the individual and family life of the gambler. The general term Prevalence is used for form addictions, which is the epidemiological term for the number of people addicted to a specific problem. In the field of offset addictions, only problem gambling has so far produced prevalence estimates (Griffiths, 2009 ). Various societies have distinct social concepts of social problems, as in Canada beliefs and values vary on when gambling is to be seen as a problem and the causes behind it. It is not easy to define process addictions, for instance, when gambling is a harmless pastime and when is it addictive (Firth, 2010). The American Psychiatric Association (APA) identified gambling as actually a pathological disarray in the 1980. Even Freud (1929/1950) had researched problem gambling but remained inadvertent about its prediction. According to APA, gambling is a rising psychological disorder, featured by emotional addiction, lack of control and attached detrimental repercussions in the gamblers academic, social, or vocational life. Other popular names for pathological gambling are driven gambling and addictive gambling (Jean, 2000). In addictive gambling, the person shows a recurrent and continued disorder of dysfunctional behaviours by remaining busy in gambling. The person wants to put at the risk greater sum of money to attain increased stimulation. Continuous striving is seen to curb, check and/or stop gambling. scent of restlessness or irritating behaviour is observed when striving to check or curb the purpose of gambling. For an addictive gambler, gambling becomes an escape-route from mood shifts. An addictive gambler reverts back to equalise the loss. Such a person attempts not to disclose the level of engagement with gambling. Wrong means are sought to arrange capital for gambling. Gambling when it becomes an addiction causes the loss of ones aim in life pertaining to the relationship, scholarship or career. Dependence on others for maintaining status increases with the prevalence of gambling, as a gambler needs financial tin due to shortage of funds. The only criterion segregating addictive behaviour is the presence of bipolar disorder. The debate everywhere whether gambling is an addiction or pass time, (Kusyszyn, 1980) has been hyped out of proportio n. For instance, many years back, a popular raise columnist used to publish an article by a doctor explaining that gambling could not by chance be addictive (Jean, 2000). Viewing the perspective of this physician, functions like gambling, stealing and outward expression of sexual behaviours do not engage substance intake and thats why they are not addictions. Instead, the physician debated, they are generally representations of manic depressiveness although mania is an external recognition for the presence of gambling disorders. Had it been true, then most of the gambling patients would have been managed with lithium, which is not so (Jean, 2000). Those who support gambling as mere pass time and chief