The Language Acquisition And Learning Concepts That I Have...

The three language acquisition and learning concepts that I have learned in this class that will most influence my teaching are the importance of paying attention to the difficulty level of the input, the importance of carefully monitoring the emotional tone of the classroom because of the affective filter, and an intentional focus on either fluency or accuracy. Steven Krashen claimed that the material students learned must be at i+1 meaning that it was just above their current level but not so hard that it was demoralizing. I think this is an incredibly important thing for me to remember because I have a tendency to be a bit impatient. Keeping i+1 in the forefront of my mind during teaching and lesson planning will give me greater motivation for keeping the pace reasonable and engaging for my students. I do not want to get overexcited and assign homework or teach a lesson that is much too difficult for my students, especially since I would most likely be teaching low level beginners . Once the difficult level is too high students will get frustrated or lose confidence in their ability to acquire a second language. This also contributes to the importance of carefully monitoring the emotional tone of the classroom. I know from my own experience that as a student that when I am feeling overly bored, sad, or frustrated I cannot really focus on the material or store it in my long term memory. Steven Krashin argues that an affective filter can inhibit a student from acquiringShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between First And Second Language Acquisition925 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst and second language acquisition. One similarity pertains to the development of reading and writing skills. Even in different languages, it has been said that learning to read and write is essentially the same throughout them all with only slight differences due to the different writing systems. One similarity takes into account how readers learn to read, how they recognize patterns, and how they use different cognitive processes. Another similarity takes into account that learning to write is basedRead MoreDiscourse Theory in Sla1113 Words   |  5 PagesKathmanduUniversity2012 Second language Acquisition or second language learning is the process by which people learn a second language. Second language acquisition is also the name of the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process. Second language refers to any language learned in addition to a person’s first language; although the concept is named second language acquisition, it can also incorporated the learning of third ,forth or subsequent language. Second language acquisition is totally consciousRead MoreTheories of first and second language acquisition Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Theories of First and Second Language Acquisition There are various theories that have been put forward to describe first and second language acquisition. This paper outlines similarities and difference between first and second language acquisition. Additionally key theoretical points on second language acquisition have been identified. Finally, an explanation of how I intend to use my understanding of language acquisition theory to inform my teaching practice will also be includedRead MoreHuman Language Is A Wonderful Way With Communicate1420 Words   |  6 PagesHuman language is a wonderful way to communicate. Sometimes I think what this world would be like with any languages. It is even more wonderful that in three fast short years a child can hear, mimic, explore, practice, and, learn language. There is no genetic thing that leads a child to speak English or Spanish or any other language. Language is something person has be to learned. We are born with the capacity to make 40 sounds and our genetics allows our brain to make differences between soundsRead MoreLesson Planning with SIOP: A Theoretical Base (Benchmark Assessment)1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe lesson I have chosen to present is one that compares and contrasts cats and dogs and is directed to a class of 3rd grade English learners (ELs). I have used a Venn diagram and applied the information from my SIOP Lesson Plan to provide me the foundation needed to present a well-organized and educational presentation. The presentation is aligned to both the Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Standards (INTASC) and the Arizona Professional Teacher’s Standards (APTS). 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For the majority of English as Second Language(ESL) learners, the ultimate goal of learning the language is to understand (read and listen) and communicate (write and speak) with little difficulty and the lack of sufficient vocabulary may be the constraint of such goal (Folse, 2004). As the bedrock of English and as well as language, vocabula ry also facilitates the development of other language skills: lexical richness leads to theRead More Krashen’s Hypotheses of Second Language Acquisition Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesHypotheses of Second Language Acquisition For decades, foreign language teachers wandered in a scientific abyss. Until 1983, there had been little real research dealing with the ways in which someone acquires a second language. Teachers mostly used the audiolingual classroom model that had been in place for the past twenty years (or, even worse, the literally ancient grammatical translation model that had been used by civilizations millennia old). Clearly, language teaching methodologyRead MoreNature vs. Nurture in Language Development1678 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Language? Language is a tool we have been using to understand and develop our thinking. We have been: Learning about the thinking of others by reading Expressing our own thinking through writing Exchanging ideas with others by speaking and listening Thought and language can contribute to clear, effective thinking and communication. Language is a system of symbols for thinking and communicating. At 5 years of age human is expected to have; Articulated speech, Vocabulary of more than 6000 wordsRead MoreAcquiring the Human Language-Playing the Language Game1025 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Viewing Guide for â€Å"Acquiring the Human Language-Playing the Language Game† (in the Human Language Series) (Preview these questions before you watch the film. Take notes as you watch the film, then answer on a separate paper.) 1. What arguments in support of language as an innate ability are brought up in the film? This video is about a great mystery; how do children acquire language without seeming to learn it and how do they do so many things with so little life experience. 2

‘Am I Blue’ – a Significant Piece of Work or a...

This essay is concerned with the short story ‘Am I Blue’ by Bruce Coville, and aim to identify and comment upon the themes presented in the short story such as the issues of adolescence, tolerance, homosexuality and sexual identity in general. Since its release in 1994, Bruce Coville’s short story has been subject to both praise and approval as well as controversy and criticism. This essay focuses on these various aspects. The protagonist, Vince, is a young boy who is questioning his own sexuality. Whilst dealing with this sexual confusion, he is also subject to bullying from a fellow schoolmate for being gay. The bullied teenager finds himself aided throughout the story by the†¦show more content†¦The story may also give the readers hope that the world eventually will treat every sort of person well, and that homosexual or sexually confused teens, will be able to handle what may be some tough years of adolescence. As a consequence, these teens may be better suited to manage the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Some of Coville’s defenders encourage adults to ‘teach tolerance and respect for all people [†¦] This is impossible by ignoring a whole group of people [†¦] This isn’t about homosexuality being right or wrong, it’s about kids learning to think for themselves.’ (Marcovitz 2005:97). By this quote one might sense that the story has a controversial side to it. As the acceptance of sexual differences might not be the norm across every community, stories like ‘Am I blue?’ may in some circles represent a threat to what certain people consider as the common convention in their area. Therefore, ‘Am I blue?’ has been subject to numerous discussions and controversy over the years. Coville, however, disagrees with his critics and is rather worried about conservative opinions that still exist within the modern society of today. Coville argues: In ‘Am I Blue?’ there is a story of tolerance, which a certain subset of our culture has a big problem with. I had hope that once we passed the 2000 millennium madness, that would fade, but I no longer feel

Foxconn free essay sample

Hence, the interplay of high unemployment levels and limited capital investment has caused the phenomenon of sweatshops. Although no set definitions of sweatshops exist, they are effectively the consequence of developing nations suppressing wages and sacrificing working conditions to compete to attract foreign investments (Arnold Hartman, 2003). Notable characteristics are extreme exploitation (wages and work hours), poor working conditions, military-like discipline and intimidation of employees (Radin Calkin, 2006). These characteristics have often been associated with Foxconn, the world’s largest contract electronics manufacturer (40% of world’s electronic items) for brands such as Apple, Dell, HP and IBM (Wagstaff, 2012). However, the focus of our report is on the fourteen committed suicides, four failed suicides, and eligibly twenty additional attempts during eight months in 2010 (SACOM, 2010). This report will attempt to analyse the unethical practices that lead to these horrendous outcomes. This report will use Utilitarian, Kantian and Rights ethical theories to analyse wages, working conditions, management style and development/training in Foxconn. Recommendations will made in light of this research. 1 Background Alternating ethical views can be applied to sweatshops to recognize different facets and levels of unethical practices. Firstly, utilitarian theory focuses on the outcomes and argues it is ethically acceptable if an action can produce more good than harm. Secondly, virtue ethics focuses on the innate qualities of the decision maker or manager (Beauchamp, Bowie, Arnold, 2009). Thirdly, Deontology ethics focuses on the motivation of the action for ethical judgement. However, Radin and Calkin (2006) suggested these theories lack the robustness to make strong moral arguments against sweatshops. However, Arnold and Bowie (2005) argues that Kantian’s second categorical imperative to never treat others as a means but always as an ends portrays strong foundations for employee actions. Also, human rights ethics is an extension of Kantian views from the perspective of the employee, in that employees have rights to freedom and subsistence (Arnold and Bowie, 2005). These two ethical theories will be the focus of our report. Dignity is explored heavily in Kantian and human rights ethics. Kim and Cohen (2010) identified in Asian cultures dignity is primary defined by what people thinks of you, given that Foxconn is an Eastern company, an examination of dignity is strongly encouraged. Furthermore, Lucas, Kang and Li (2012) identified that Foxconn employees suffered from mortifications of their self-worth and self-value (loss of dignity) as a result of working under a total constitution system. There has been growing consensus that stakeholder theory can be used as a normative ethical theory (Palmer Stoll, 2011). Freeman’s stakeholder (1984) theory suggests it is unethical to ignore consequences of a firms’ actions on other stakeholders, namely employees. Why not just increase wages and improve conditions? Maitland (2005) suggested if supplier companies were to bear these costs, it would in turn make them competitively disadvantaged, reducing their foreign investments and hence required to reduce employment; a vicious cycle. Similarly, if a Multinational Corporation (MNC) increased wages without respecting local social factors such that a person working for Nike could earn more than a professor in Beijing University, this will severely damage social dynamics. A counter-argument to Maitland’s case was proposed by Arnold and Bowie (2005) who contents that increasing wages and conditions do not have to be associated with overall decreases in welfare. Arnold and Bowie contents that MNC’s can bear the costs without causing hardships in communities they operate in and increasing wages and conditions can subsequently boost employee morale and increase productivity. This idea is consistent with Arnold and Hartman (2005) where companies can obtain strategic advantages when enforcing ethical practices. Arnold and Hartman found that better working conditions and wages were associated with reduction in absentees, staff turnover and in turn, recruitment and training costs. 2. 0 Explanation Firstly, Utilitarian perspective proposes the† greatest happiness principle† (Beauchamp, Bowie, Arnold, 2009) which aims at maximizing good and minimizing harm. According to the theory Utilitarian ethics bases ethical judgment on consequences of action, therefore it is considered ethical action if the outcome is able to provide the greatest good for the greatest number people. There has been debate regarding the meaning of â€Å"good†, but for our report, let us use individual preferences, which is largely supported by actions, as the meaning of â€Å"good†. For example, within our context, it is considered satisfying one’s preference if one choses to work. Another element of utilitarian is that everyone is to count for one and no one countered as more than one. Kant’s ethical theory more specifically his second imperative (â€Å"Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only) sets a great foundation of the duties of an employer to one’s employee. Kantian view states one has an â€Å"obligation† to always treat an employee as an end and never exclusively as a means, because by not doing so, one would be ignoring their dignity, and ignoring one’s dignity is equivalent to treating them as capital or mere machines (Beauchamp, Bowie, Arnold, 2009). According to the Kantian View, an employer must respect their employee’s moral dignity beyond the value of price alone (negative obligation) and also, to support and develop their rational and moral capacities (positive obligation). There are some correlativity between the Kantian’s obligation theory and rights theory. Kantian suggests that the manager has the right to respect the employee’s dignity, while the rights theory argues the employee has the right to freedom and subsistence (minimal economic security) which according to Arnold and Hartman (2005) are the basic human rights. Therefore, this report will apply Kantian views to management and rights ethics from employee perspective. Moreover, Arnold and Hartman (2005) have compiled basic rights and universal codes that are applicable within the business context (Table 1). Simply put, human rights are natural rights must be free from interference from other parties given the appropriate justifications. Table 1: Arnold and Hartman (2005) The average wage of Foxconn employee in 2010 was around $143 per month (Moore, 2010), although low, it is relatively higher than its competitors, Seven wolf the famous cloth manufacturer in china offers $120 and YIQI, which is a largest car manufacturer, earn $115 per month. Evidently, based on wages alone, Foxconn appears to be the best option. Hence, there are huge numbers people, with limited skills willing to work which effectively produces over supply of wrokers for limited positions. Effectively, application for work at Foxconn is voluntary and made by the individuals. According to preference utility, action represents preference which represents increase in utility, with this in mind, Foxconn increases utility for its workers. From this interpretation Foxconn has not comprised ethics. This becomes more apparent if hypothetically Foxconn was not to exist, Foxconn employees would be subject to no work or lower work wages. 3. 1. 2 Marginal Utility However, when comparing the marginal benefits of a worker and Foxconn owners, utilitarian views condemns these actions. Figure 1 illustrates the steep revenue increase experienced by Foxconn, yet the employees are not compensated as proportionally. According to Utilitarian theory, everyone counts as one, and the having majority good given to the lowest numbers (CEO and management) is unethical. Similarly, stakeholder theory suggests that Foxconn’s actions should considered employees because they are affected by these prices. [pic] Figure 1: Foxconn Revenue: Chan Pun (2010) 3. 2 Kantian Views As previously stated, Kantian views will largely be explored from the managerial standpoint. 3. 2. 1 Means not Ends Kantian’s second categorical imperative clearly states to treat one as an ends and never as a means. Pratap and Dutta’s (2012) reports that Foxconn workers are being treated worse than machines, because it costs to replace machines but workers can be replaced by another one without any cost (Figure 2). Furthermore, Chinese Labour law states that employees are to work no more than eight hours a day, and forty four hours a week, and no more than three hours overtime a day or thirty six hours a month, but Foxconn employees regularly exceed these legal limits. SACOM (2010) indicated it was cheaper to uses human capital than machines, a rarely phenomenon in Western society. Notably, one of the victims of suicide allegedly worked one-hundred-and-twelve hours overtime a month. Evidently, Foxconn compares human capital directly with machines clearly violated the Kantian principles. Moreover, in 2010 it was independently confirmed that 137 workers were poisoned by a chemical called n-hexane which was used to clean iPhone screens. N-hexane is known to cause eye, skin and respiratory tract irritation, and leads to persistent nerve damage (Damon, 2011). It was later noted that Foxconn intentionally used N-hexane for cleaning because it was cheap and not listed for prohibit use in China laws (Charles, 2012). Kantian views argue that human life has dignity and should not be valued based on price alone, it appears Foxconn has made decisions based on costs. This is clear violation of Kantian ethics. [pic] Figure 2: Not Machines (SACOM, 2010) 3. 2. 2 Respecting one’s dignity According to Kantian views dignity separates humans from machines, humans have dignity because they are capable of moral activity and autonomous self-governance. Dignity arises from self-worth based on respect and honour. Kim and Cohen (2010) and Lee (2008) found differences between dignity in Asian and Western cultures, in that Asian dignity is earned, derived from relations of and focus on duties, while Western dignity is more inherent and individually based and focused on rights. Also, unlike Western cultures where dignity is absolute and equal amongst people, in Asian cultures dignity is hierarchical where one could have more dignity than another simply based on job status and wages. Lastly, within the Chinese context, dignity is associated with the term â€Å"face† which incorporates personal integrity, family honour and social respect (Lee, 2008). Coupling these with Kantian views, it accentuates that Foxconn employees derive dignity more from treatment from management and work responsibilities. It was found that managers from Foxconn were not qualified and used militarization management procedures for theft (David, 2010). Workers were forced to sign confidential agreements that consented bag checks. Moreover, workers were often prone to bag checks before leaving factories and random apartment checks if stock was missing. Also, any bad behaviour were publically scrutinized on noticeboards to be seen by peers. According to SACOM (2010), these humiliating checks and inhuman punishment (toilet and floor cleaning) were factors that cause suicides in from workers. Clearly there is a lack of trust by management, according to Kantian views it also suggests a lack of respect for employees as moral beings. Furthermore, Foxconn workers are largely objectified to repetitive labour intensive work. More importantly, Foxconn has no intentions to train, develop or promote these workers. Due to the huge extra costs, employees’ training and development are regarded as an unconsidered question for Foxconn’s senior management (Savitz, 2012). As long as the workers on the assembly line can operate the machines which is needed for the working position (Su, 2010), the employee training is ended. Simply put, their missions are to complete their works, and it is impossible to have any further improvement space. This case effectively encapsulates the main Kantian unethical actions of Foxconn. Firstly, employees are given the same degrading work until they quit or becomes customary. Secondly, no development or training is given to either develop their moral and employability capacities (beyond that of required) clearly compromises the Kantian ethics. 3. 3 Rights Ethics This section will investigate the degrading of basic human rights such as dignity, freedom and subsistence. Foxconn as a total institution is a pervasive theme in this section. 3. 3. 1 Total Institution causes loss of control and dignity According to Lucus, Kang, and Li (2012), Foxconn operates as a total institution. By definition, a total institution is a place of residence and work where a high number of individuals live an enclosed and formally administered life, separated from society for an extended time. Sayer (2007) states that one is dignified with the ability to control oneself, competently and appropriately exercising one’s power (Autonomous control). However, one of the main characteristics of Total Institution is the high degree of control. For example, by living within close proximity to production plants, it meant that workers were made to work at untimely hours. Furthermore, food, drink, sleep and even washing routines were all scheduled like production lines. According to Chan and Pun (2010) this reduced employee’s sense of control, and in turn freedom and dignity, which are innate human rights (Arnold and Hartman, 2005). Moreover, SACOM (2010) identified a number of CEO Terry Guo’s maxims displayed to indoctrinate employees. Such slogans included, â€Å"Hungry people have especially clear minds†, â€Å"Work itself is a type of joy† and â€Å"Work hard on job today or work hard to find a job tomorrow†. Although these messages are not clear obligations enforced by Foxconn, however these messages imply the subtle threat of losing their jobs, which jeopardizes employee’s ability to make decisions free from external influences. 3. 3. 2 Lack of Meaningful relationships reduces Dignity According to Kim and Cohen (2010) and Lee (2008), dignity in Asian cultures are built by value of self-worth given by others, simply put, social relationships facilitates dignity. While it is illogical to suggest that no social interaction means no dignity, social relationships clearly adds incremental value to dignity. Lucas, Kang, and Li (2012) discovered during work hours employees are to reframe from communicating to one another and must wear mask. This effectively creates conditions of anonymity to the extent that in a room of ten, most individuals do not even know each other’s names. Combining multiple theories together it suggests that lack of social interactions reduces dignity, which reduces one’s self-esteem and inevitability reduces one’s ability to self-governance (control). Effectively, both Kantian and rights ethics are worthless here. 3. 3. 2 Subsistence With reference table 1, working conditions, freedom from forced labour and right to bargain wages collectively are rights that have been unfulfilled. In addition, Figure 3 clearly identifies the unethical wages of Foxconn workers. This coupled with excessive unpaid overtime wages, demonstrates that an employee’s subsistence (human right) is not satisfied. [pic] Figure 3: Wage rates of Living Wage, Minimum Wage and Foxconn wage (SACOM, 2010) 4. 0 Recommendations I acknowledge that sweatshops and unethical standards exist as a consequence of globalization and economic development which causes asymmetry of power, but I contest that unethical standards can be avoided, if not reduced. Therefore, my recommendation includes a two part approach that empowering the workers and making it strategically advantageous to be ethical. I hope these policies will reduce the supply of lowly-skilled labour force, increase the competitiveness of workers and align the interests of organizations and ethical behaviour. Firsty, rather than focusing on increasing wages and working conditions, Foxconn should adopt training and development programs for its employees to improve their current dignity, employability and skill set. Consistent with Kantian view one should develop employees as moral beings, but also extents Kantian view by developing their mind and skills. Morally, I believe both counseling and social interactions within Foxconn can hugely benefit self-esteem and dignity within workers. Also, trade unions independent of Foxconn and government are required to give employees power of speech. Furthermore, by educating and developing skills for existing employees, it gives them the opportunity to either promote internally or strive for more skill based job elsewhere, while also giving opportunities for new employees. Arnold and Hartman (2005) suggested improving labour-related standards can be associated with increased productivity, employee morale and loyalty and brand reputation. I believe it is very important to make these benefits salient and replicable. The World Trade Organisation can play a vital part not only by enforcing laws, but making these unethical practices more observable by consumers. As a result of public scrutiny, it forces MNCs to act ethically by improving or changing their suppliers. This will produce a domino effect on the suppliers to either improve working conditions and wages or lose foreign investments. Effectively, my goal is to change the market in that suppliers are competing for foreign investment with favourable working conditions rather than low prices. 5. 0 Conclusions This report has demonstrated how sweatshops have failed ethical standards from an Utilitarian, Kantian and Rights perspective. Utilitarian views have portrayed the disproportional marginal benefits received by Foxconn over its employees. Kantian ethics has illustrated unethical management techniques such as treating workers as machines by forcing excessive workload and ignoring their rights for dignity. Rights ethics has extended on Kantian ethics by focusing on the employee. It was reviewed that under the Total Institutional characteristic reduced worker’s sense of freedom, control and in turn dignity. Recommendations were made to empower employees and marketing positive strategic advantages for ethical standards. It is hope these recommendations will not only reduce low skilled labour, but also improve employability and morality amongst workers The ethical views in this report accurately highlighted unethical practices of Foxconn, however this approach is too passive and reactive to company actions. More research is needed to develop a more comprehensive and robust theory that actively sets guidelines and codes of conducts that can be used by management. Future research is required to provide a clear definition of sweatshops before laws and codes of conduct can be used to condemn them.

Should everyone be required to perform public service

Compulsory public service is a contentious issue. An overview of the Bill of Rights immediately shoots down the idea that the citizens of this country can be forced to serve. It is the right of every man, woman, and child to be free and to pursue happiness within the bounds of law.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should everyone be required to perform public service? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The only reason why there is a debate regarding this issue is due to the fact that there are misguided patriots who believed that every citizen must prove their love and loyalty to this country by doing public service. The government should not be given the power to coerce its citizens to engage in one or even two years of public service; it is against the law of the land. It would be best for the government to promote the ideals of volunteerism in order to recruit and train people that are eager to serve. The Bill of Rights is very clear when it comes to the limitations of the government when it comes to intruding into the personal life of a citizen. The government’s vast powers cannot be used to force a person to serve. Slavery has been outlawed a long time ago and therefore there is no justification for the use of coercion in any shape or form in order to fill up the needed vacancies in the public service sector. The government should serve the people but the people must not be forced to serve the government. Aside from violating the constitutional rights of every citizen, the concept of compulsory public service is impractical. It can be argued that there are many people that are not interested to serve in the Armed Forces and other jobs that are under the authority of the Federal government. Imagine the kind of trouble the government would have to contend with if they are authorized to compel its citizens to serve for at least a year. It would be costly in terms of manpower and litig ation purposes. It is a terrible idea to suggest compulsive service. However, those who decide to become a public servant must be held in high esteem. The spirit of volunteerism must be stirred up and not the spirit of coercion. The government and its citizens must laud anyone who enters public service. It must be viewed as an honorable thing to do, lifting the spirits of the family members of those who chose to serve in spite of its many challenges. The government must therefore encourage people to serve. It is the job of the government to persuade people to serve in a short term or long term basis. One way to do this is to communicate clearly the positive impact to the community and the nation if one person decides to spend a few years of his or her life to serve others. A persuasive message can also be achieved by developing creative ways to reward those who are in public service. The government has limited resources and therefore cannot provide extensive monetary rewards but thi s must not stop the government form finding ways to honor and appreciate those who work as public servants.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion There are those who contend that the citizens of this country must be compelled to engage in public service. This may seem like the most patriotic thing to do but the Bill of Rights clearly stipulates that no citizen can be forced by the government to do something. This is also an unproductive exercise because coercion can lead to defiant behavior and costly litigation. It is the job of the government to persuade people to join. The spirit of volunteerism must be cultivated. The government must demonstrate that public servants are well-appreciated. As a result there would be more volunteers that are ready and able to serve. This essay on Should everyone be required to perform public service? was written and submitted by user Sabra to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Discrimination And Empowerment In Mental Health Social Work Essay Essay Example

Discrimination And Empowerment In Mental Health Social Work Essay Essay Example Discrimination And Empowerment In Mental Health Social Work Essay Essay Discrimination And Empowerment In Mental Health Social Work Essay Essay This essay will foremost specify what favoritism is and what it means to know apart against something. It will so explicate what it means to know apart against person or a group in societal work pattern. This will be a really wide definition that encompasses a assortment of different service user groups. Examples will be used to show what favoritism may look like in societal work pattern and mundane life. To derive a better understand the essay will critically research theory and thoughts around power and how power manifests between groups. This portion of the essay will touch on the thought of othering . The essay will utilize societal constructionism theory to analyze this construct of power. The essay will so concentrate in on mental wellness. This portion of the essay will foremost look at what a mental wellness job is and research the stigma of being labelled with a mental wellness job. The essay will so travel deeper to concentrate on how the western medical theoretical account can know apart against Black and Ethnic Minority groups ( BME ) , even if indirectly. The essay will so critically research why BME grownups, peculiarly work forces, are overrepresented in the mental wellness service. Links will be made to institutional racism and the fact that BME kids are underrepresented in kid and adolescent mental wellness services ( CAMHS ) . In in broadest definition, to know apart agencies to distinguish or to recognize a differentiation ( Oxford Dictionaries 2012 ) . In this wide sense it is a portion of day-to-day life to know apart. For illustration, an grownup may know apart between lanes on a expressway and a babe will frequently know apart between a alien and their health professional. Discrimination becomes a job when the difference or recognised differentiation is used for the footing of unjust intervention. This is the favoritism that societal workers need to be argus-eyed for. Discrimination is non ever knowing ( Thompson 2009 ) and there are assorted types of favoritism ( EHRC 2012 ) . Discrimination can be direct, indirect, based on the perceptual experience that person has a protected feature or discriminate against person who is associated with a individual who has a protected feature ( EHRC 2012 ) . The Equality Act ( 2010 ) besides aims to protect people with a protective feature ( s ) from exploitation, torment and failure to do sensible accommodations ( Home Office 2012 ) . Thompson s ( 1997 ) PCS theoretical account demonstrates that favoritism is non ever on a personal degree and it is non merely entirely down to the person. I will return to the PCS theoretical account subsequently on in the essay. Social workers act as mediators between service users and the province. Social workers are in a function that can potentially authorise or suppress ( Thompson 1997 ) . For this ground Thompson ( 1997: 11 ) argues that good pattern must be anti-discriminatory pattern . All other countries of pattern could be superb and the societal worker could hold really good purposes but if the societal worker can non recognize the marginalised place of some of the people they are working with their intercessions could potentially farther oppress ( Thompson 1997 ) . Thompson ( 1997 ) reminds the reader many times throughout the book that If you re non portion of the solution you are portion of the job . I choose to include this because it reinforces that societal workers need to dispute favoritism and take action against it. To accept it and to non swim against the tide does so do us portion of the job. Where does discrimination come from and why do people, establishments and systems know apart against people? This portion of the essay will critically research the construct of power and societal constructionism in relation to favoritism and societal work. Power is defined by Haralambos and Holborn 2000: 540 ) really slackly as the ability to acquire your ain manner even when others are opposed to your wants . This is of class a really simple definition of a complex construct. There are many theoretical accounts and theories around power. Thompson ( 1998: 42 ) identified a common subject of the ability to act upon or command people, events, processes or resources . These common subjects of power all have the possible to be used destructively in societal work. Social workers have the ability and power to act upon and command, whether this is on an single personal degree or as a gate keeper of services or agent of control. Social workers need to be cognizant of power as they work w ith people who are marginalised and powerless in comparing ; people who societal workers could potentially suppress and even worse, maltreatment. Giddens ( 1993 ) makes close links between power and inequality. EHRC Equality and human rights commission. , 2012. [ Viewed 2012.11.10 ] What is favoritism? [ online ] . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.equalityhumanrights.com/advice-and-guidance/education-providers-schools-guidance/key-concepts/what-is-discrimination/ Giddens, A. , 1993. Sociology ( 2nd erectile dysfunction ) . Cambridge: Civil order Haralambos, M, Holborn, M. , 2000. Sociology subjects and positions. London: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd Home Office. , 2012. [ viewed 2012.11.11 ] Equality Act 2010 [ on-line ] . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.homeoffice.gov.uk/equalities/equality-act/ Oxford Dictionaries. , 2012. [ Viewed 2012.10.19 ] Discriminate [ Online ] . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/discriminate? q=discriminate Thompson, N. , 1997. Anti-Discriminatory pattern ( 2nd erectile dysfunction ) . Basingstoke: Macmillan Press Thompson, N. , 1998. Promoting Equality disputing favoritism and subjugation in human services. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press Ltd Thompson, N. , 2009. Rehearsing societal work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan

Operating Systems Vendor lock-in Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operating Systems Vendor lock-in - Essay Example By using Microsoft you have standard platform for all users in your office and worldwide. This is the opposite of Linux, which has multiple distributors delivering similar, but not the same products. This is where many concerns originate. Just because something is cheaper doesn’t always mean it has the competitive advantage. Software price is just one factor, as other factors prove to be more significant. Primarily compatability, standardization, ease of use and reliability. Because of these aspects, Microsoft still has the advantage. What the future hold is uncertain, in terms of new Utility, or the ability to change or alter its function over time, is also important. Some applications are used for one purpose, then another is identified. This would also be a requirement of a new solution. In order for the costs associated with installation and implementation to be worthwhile, the application should provide multiple uses and those that we may deem useful in the future of our organization. as troubleshooting for any issues that occur during the changeover process. Some vendors possess more knowledge in this than others. For this issue, we would likely contact current and previous clients to identify any possible areas of concern. We would In regards to my organization, we are most comfortably locked into software packages and our dependency on Microsoft Windows is the most obvious. We are solely a Microsoft Shop, except for a few rogue machines in our organization. The cost of switching operating systems for our organization would be major. Primarily, environmental changes would lead to need for retraining in multiple areas. Foremost, and securely. Regular users would be forced to learn the new operating system including the changes made to software packages running on the new operating system. Valuable time will be spent on training. This would result in a decreased productivity, due

Article Summary Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Summary - Article Example The article is a description of the way in which infants react to feeling and conditions. In an argument by Bartolotti (2009) children tend to be sensitive when exposed to situations they have no psychological strength to handle. Additionally, the article embraces the fact that children ted to behave according to the environment they are raised in. parents enable children to perceive the environment depending on the way they are raised (Bartolotti, 2009). Depending on early childhood environment of a child, a child develops different ways in which they relate to the environment around them. In addition, the article explains the assumption that the psychological development of a child is determined by the development of their age. At a mild age, a child is easily offended by the easiest of provocations. With time this notion changes (Bartolotti, 2009). The basic creation of the article is based on the fact for a child to develop it require more than parental care. With parent education, parents are enabled to understand the psychological approach to handling children in regards to their age. In an argument by Bartolotti (2009) a child displays specific behaviors depending on their age. Parent education enlightens a parent on such specification as it aims at increasing the relation between the parent and the child. Understanding a child as more than just a sibling is important to their growth due to the fact that the child perception and needs would be effectively catered for. In an argument by Bartolotti (2009) the temperament of a child displays significantly the direction of a child behavior. The author further points out that understanding this factor of a child and the stages of the factor it becomes easier to address the issues of the child and understand the display of behavior by the child. An adult can clearly understand t his behavior by accessing parent