Cmo llenar bien la planilla DS-261 para green card

En la tramitacià ³n de las tarjetas de residencia que se hacen a travà ©s del Centro Nacional de visas (NVC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), la planilla DS-261 sirve para designar agente con el que la administracià ³n se va a comunicar. En este mismo formulario DS-261 tambià ©n se designa la direccià ³n de dicho agente, es decir, al lugar donde el NVC enviarà ¡ las comunicaciones.   En este artà ­culo se explica cuà ¡ndo procede este formulario y en que casos no es necesario. Asimismo, quà © personas pueden ser nombradas como agentes. Tambià ©n se dan importantes consejos sobre como llenarlo y en quà © momento se debe enviar y adà ³nde. Cuà ¡ndo se debe completar el DS-261 Primero hay que esperar a recibir notificacià ³n de que la solicitud de peticià ³n de green card ha sido aprobada, lo cual ya se comunicà ³ mediante el documento conocido como NOA2. Ademà ¡s, es necesario esperar a que llegue la fecha de prioridad en todos los casos de peticiones de green card dentro de categorà ­as sujetos a mà ¡ximos por aà ±o fiscal. En estos casos lo aconsejable es consultar todos los meses el Boletà ­n de Visas que publica el Departamento de Estado. Quià ©n puede ser designado como agente La ley permite varias opciones, como por ejemplo, el beneficiario para el que se solicita la tarjeta de residencia, el solicitante, un abogado o incluso un familiar o amigo de confianza. Cuà ¡ndo no es necesario designar a un agente   En 3 casos no es necesario: En primer lugar, en los casos de tarjeta de residencia por adopcià ³n. En segundo lugar, en los casos de peticià ³n para uno mismo. Destacar que esos casos son la excepcià ³n, ya   que en la mayorà ­a de los casos las peticiones las realiza un solicitante que puede ser una empresa o un familiar y a favor de un beneficiario.   Y en tercer lugar, cuando se tiene un abogado que ya envià ³ al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) el formulario G-28, en el que aparece como agente. Cà ³mo llenar la planilla DS-261  (en inglà ©s Choice of Address and Agent) Se llena electrà ³nicamente, para ello  ir a la pà ¡gina de internet del Departamento de Estado. Estos son los pasos a seguir: En la là ­nea justo encima de donde pone (Last Name) escribir el apellido (o apellidos)Donde pone (First Name) corresponde el nombre de pilaDonde pone (MI) escribir la inicial del segundo nombre, si se tiene.Por ejemplo, una persona que se llama  Carolina Elvira Và ¡zquez Fernà ¡ndez tendrà ­a que escribir Và ¡zquez Fernà ¡ndez   Carolina   E. A continuacià ³n hay cuatro opciones y se  pide que marcar  con una x el cuadradito lo que corresponda al caso. Asà ­: En primer lugar, si se quiere que un abogado o un agente reciba todas las comunicaciones relativas a tu caso, marca la primera opcià ³n, que comienza con las palabras I Appoint. Si esta es la  opcià ³n debe escribirse su nombre completo (name of the person), su nà ºmero de telà ©fono (telephone number), su direccià ³n (street address), su direccià ³n de correo electrà ³nico (email address), su ciudad (city), estado o provincia (state/province), el cà ³digo postal (postal code) y el paà ­s (country). Este abogado o agente puede estar en Estados Unidos o en el extranjero. En segundo lugar, si se quiere  que otra persona que no es el abogado reciba las comunicaciones sobre el caso, entonces marcar con una x la segunda opcià ³n, que es la que empieza con las palabras I do not appoint. En este caso se puede elegir la direccià ³n del solicitante, beneficiario, amigo o familiar. La que resulte mà ¡s conveniente sobre todo pensando en cuà ¡l tiene un servicio de correos mà ¡s confiable y quià ©n no piensa mudarse en los siguientes meses.   Donde pone street address hay la opcià ³n de incluir in care of. Esto es porque toda la correspondencia se va a enviar a  nombre del beneficiaroi, pero si en el buzà ³n està ¡ el nombre de otra persona, debe incluirse la expresià ³n de In care of y el nombre de esa persona.   En tercer lugar, si ya se ha  recibido tu tarjeta de residencia, por la razà ³n que sea, entonces marcar la tercera opcià ³n, que comienza con I have already legally immigrated to the U.S. Si ese es el caso, incluir el nà ºmero de Alien Registration Number. Por à ºtimo, si ya no se desea emigrar a Estados Unidos, marcar la opcià ³n cuarta, la que dice: I no longer wish to apply for an immigrant visa. Finalmente, firma y fecha el documento, poniendo el mes, dà ­a y aà ±o, en ese orden. Si no se envà ­a el formulario DS-261 en el plazo de 1 aà ±o, el NVC entiende que se ha abandonado la peticià ³n. Consejos a tener en cuenta al completar el formulario En primer lugar, destacar que imprescindible completar el formulario en el idioma inglà ©s. Ademà ¡s, no se pueden utilizar signos o letras que no existen en esa lengua, por ejemplo, la  ¨Ãƒ ±Ã‚ ¨. Tambià ©n es importante decir que es importante guardar cada poco el formulario segà ºn se va completando, para ello hacer click en la opcià ³n de Save. Si durante mà ¡s de 20 minutos no se està ¡ activo en la pà ¡gina, el sistema se desconecta automà ¡ticamente, perdià ©ndose todo lo que no haya sido expresamente guardado. Por à ºltimo, mencionar que mentir en un documento migratorio se considera un fraude de ley. Y, si es descubierto, tiene importantes consecuencias para este trà ¡mite y cualquier otro.  ¿Dà ³nde se tiene que enviar el formulario DS-261? Darle a submit. Es posible  comunicarse con el Centro Nacional de Visas, si fuera necesario. La à ºnica excepcià ³n son los casos de tarjetas de residencia que se han obtenido al ganar el sorteo de la loterà ­a de visas de la diversidad. En estos casos, comunicarse con el KCC.  ¿Quà © pasa a continuacià ³n? Una vez que el NVC recibe la planilla DS-261, enviarà ¡ a la direccià ³n que se le dijo en esa planilla una factura para procesar la visa de inmigrante para el esposo que vive fuera de Estados Unidos.   Una vez que se recibe el pago, se recibirà ¡n mà ¡s instrucciones sobre los documentos a enviar y planillas a llenar y que hay que enviar al NVC como, por ejemplo, la declaracià ³n de sostenimiento econà ³mico, tambià ©n conocido en inglà ©s como affidavit of support. Finalmente se desarrollarà ¡ una entrevista en un consulado o embajada de los Estados Unidos. Ahà ­ se decidirà ¡ si se aprueba la visa de inmigrante, que puede negarse por mà ºltiples causas. Si se aprueba, se puede ingresar a Estados Unidos en los siguientes seis meses. El paso por el control migratorio convertirà ¡ la visa de inmigrante en una tarjeta de residencia, es decir, la green card. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Living On Campus Is Developing A Sense Of Belonging And...

Living on campus comes with both benefits and challenges. One of the biggest benefits of living on campus is developing a sense of belonging and forming relationships within the community. As an RA, creating a sense of community is one of my top priorities. In order to provide my residents with a positive housing experience, I hope to make my floor a comfortable space in which residents gain a sense of belonging that they may have initially surrendered when they entered a new environment. To help my residents develop self esteem and self actualization, they must first develop a concrete sense of love and belonging, â€Å"As a humanist, Maslow believed that people have an inborn desire to be self-actualized, to be all they can be. In order to†¦show more content†¦My second goal is for my residents to develop an acceptance and appreciation for the diversity present within the floor. Up until this point, residents have been spending time with other residents who I would consid er to be similar to themselves, and I would like to see residents forming new relationships and learning more about people who are different—whether that be differences in demographic characteristics or in opinions/personalities. A third goal of mine is to form relationships with each of my residents, more than just surface-level information. I want my residents to feel comfortable approaching me for any reason, and having a familiarity with them on a deeper level will help in those tougher circumstances, â€Å"A relationship developed between the good RA and his or her residents becomes the foundation from which to resolve problems that occur during the year† (Vetter, 1993). Overall, I hope that my residents will get to know each other and get to know me so that the residence hall becomes less of a foreign place and more of a home. Although I am going to be positive about reaching the goals I have set for my community, there are some challenges that I expect might cause difficulty. One of my main concerns is related to the physical layout of my floor. My floor is designed in the shape of an â€Å"L†; my room is located in the middle of one side of the â€Å"L† and there are doors for floor entry on both ends. I have already noticed that

Shakespeare wrote Henry V in 1599, at the time of Queen Elizabeths reign Essay Example For Students

Shakespeare wrote Henry V in 1599, at the time of Queen Elizabeths reign Essay Shakespeare wrote Henry V in 1599, at the time of Queen Elizabeths reign. Shakespeare tried to portray the monarchy as important and noble people. He did this so that the queen would think well of him as at that time the actors and the use of the theatres would have been financed by important people. At that time there was no one more important that the monarch. The play portrays the war between England and France and Henrys campaign to gain control of France, which was believed to be rightfully his. The play starts by showing Henry in his youthful state. He had no morals and didnt take kingship seriously. Then as a reformed man who, after being mocked by the dauphin, sought the blessing of the archbishop over his plans to declare war on France. When he received that blessing he embarked upon planning his attack on France to claim the throne which he believed he was the heir to. This is the idea, which the whole play is centred upon. Henry is shown as the true English man, patriotic, honourable and one who leads by example. He is shown to have all the good qualities a king should have. He encourages his men into what most people would see as an impossible task but by his words and actions persuades his men to defend Englands honour. This is shown in his speech act 4, scene 3 beginning line 18. If to live, the fewer men, the greater the share of honour. Act 4, scene 3, line 22 In the play several metaphors are used but the one used most frequently is comparing war to a game. For example the gift from the dauphin of a tennis ball and the kings speech which follows. When we have matched our rackets to these balls We will in France, by Gods grace, play a set Shall strike his fathers crown, into the hazard. Act 1, Scene 2, lines 261-263 Such metaphors continue throughout and not only is war compared with tennis but also dice. The confident and over lusty French Do the low rated English play at dice Act 4, Chorus, lines 17-18 The play shows the different aspects of war. It shows it as a very noble and dignified event, but in other scenes as a devastating unstoppable force. In the first chorus Henry is portrayed as a war-like god figure. Then should he the warlike Harry Henry appears like himself. Assume the port of Mars, and at his heels Leashed in, like hounds should famine, sword and fire Crouch for employment. Prologue, chorus, lines 5-8 Later on however Henry shows the realities of war the less attractive and enticing part when he reads the long and extensive list of casualties. This note doth tell me of ten thousand dead That in this field lie slainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Here was a royal fellowship of death! Act 4, scene 8, lines 77-99 Another metaphor occasionally used throughout the play is comparing war to the extremes of weather conditions. For example war is said to be arriving like thunder, shaking the earth like an earthquake. The not so noble aspects of battle are never far from the plays main story or from any of the characters thoughts. The horror of war is one of the main portrayals of war. Shakespeare does show many of the different aspects but the main two in my opinion are the nobility and the complete opposite, the destructiveness and suffering. The English throughout usually are shown as faultless, but as with most rules theres an exception. There is the time when the three traitors are found and handed what is presumed to be their death warrants. .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4 , .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4 .postImageUrl , .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4 , .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4:hover , .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4:visited , .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4:active { border:0!important; } .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4:active , .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4 .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ude500c53084deebd2e0f88625e35c2a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lewis Corp 6-2 EssayWhy, what read you there That have so cowarded and chasd your blood Out of appearance? Act 2, scene 2, lines 74-76 The second such exception is in Harfleur when Bardolph broke the rules set act 3, scene 4, lines 51-58 by Henry stating that no man should take advantage of his situation. Fortune is Bardolphs foe, and frowns on him; For he hath stoln a pax, and hanged must a be a damned death! Let gallows gape for dog. Despite these circumstances Henry still manages to overcome the French in an incredible battle and the French are disgraced and defeated. Reproach and everlasting shame Sit mocking in our plumesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Act 4, Scene 5, lines 9-10 Despite this victory, Henry has no prisoners. As the French slaughtered all of the English luggage boys, Henry ordered all of the prisoners to be put to death. The French have reinforced their scatter men. Then every soldier kill his prisoners. Give the word through Act 4, scene 6,lines 36-38 After the battle has drawn to a close, the Duke of Burgundy tells us of the effects of the war on France. Ruined crops and lives, ways of peace lost and lost countryside. Because of these effects on France he pleads for a lasting peace treaty. The treaty is formed when both sides meet at the palace at Troyes. In my opinion Shakespeare very accurately describes and portrays war. He shows us both the good and the bad sides of war and what each of these can do to a person. On the one hand are those whose character is not strong enough to survive, the people for whom the pressure was too much and who turned to war crimes. On the other hand there are those who withstood the mental torment of battle. It portrays war as a fight for the countrys honour and a demonstration of its power, it also shows the nobility and the other, more devastating effects on the soldiers. At the closing of the Previous  play there is a glimpse of hope that the peace will last but in the final chorus it states that the peace wasnt as long lived as people hoped. The French regained France in Henrys sons reign.

Triangles Essays - Triangle Geometry, Triangles, Euclidean Geometry

Triangles Thales "Ship at Sea" Activity Purpose: The purpose of the activity was to learn that the Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent (CPCTC), and how you can use it in different situations. We familiarized ourselves with the corresponding parts of congruent triangles. We also were supposed to find the distance to an object without actually measuring the distance to that object directly. Step one: Suzie Pipperno and I had to pick a concrete block about forty feet away from the sidewalk in back of the school. Step two: We then tried to align a cone with the cement block without getting close to it. Step three: We had to pace out a certain distance, 10 steps, from the cone, place a flag, the pace the same distance again, in a continuous segment, and place another cone. Step four: We walked at a right angle to the second cone until we had the cement block and the flag perfectly in line. Step five: We took a string and stretched it the distance from the second cone to the place we stopped walking. Step six: We placed the string against a tape measure and found that the approximate distance from the cement block to the first cone was thirty eight feet-two inches. Step seven: We used the string to measure the exact distance from the cement block the first cone using the tape measure to measure the string, which was forty two feet-one inch. Step Eight: We used the string to get an exact measurement from the first cone to the flag. Then used the string to correct the distance of the second cone from the flag. Step nine: We walked at a right angle from the second cone until the flag and the cement block are lined up again. Step ten: We used the string and tape measure to measure the distance of the path we walked and came up with forty one feet-two inches. Conclusion: We were able to conclude, without directly measuring the distance to the cement block, that the distance to the block was approximately forty one feet-two inches. Relation: The way this activity relates to our mathematical studies is that it familiarizes us with the congruent parts of congruent triangles, and teaches us that you can use the congruence of triangles in real life. How we proved the triangles congruent: If you look at the attached diagram you will see that there are 2 sides with a | through them. That means that those sides, or line segments, are congruent. You will also notice two angles with ?s spanning their angle measure. That means that that those two angles are congruent. Also you will see two sides with a || through them. That means the same thing as the first pair of segments with the | through them, but it signifies that those two line segments are congruent with each other and not the other two. These triangles are congruent by a postulate SAS (Side-Angle-Side). Which states that if two triangles have a Side an Angle and a Side Congruent then both of the triangles are totally congruent. Comments on Activity: I think that the activity was worthwhile, because I learned how errors in measurement and sighting can cause inaccuracies in measured distences, and the larger the distances you are working with, the larger the errors. Idea to Improve or Extend: My idea is to do the activity three times, and in each have the block at a different distance. This would enable you to see how distance effects accuracy. Glossary Angle- an angle consists of two different rays that have the same initial point, the vertex. Congruent angles- two angles that share the same measure Congruent segments- two segments that share the same measure CPCTC- abbreviation for corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent Postulate-A statement accepted without proof as true SAS Postulate-If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are congruent to two sides and the included angle of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent Triangle- A polygon with three sides

Rubberized Asphalt essays

Rubberized Asphalt essays In this report, I will be talking about rubberized asphalt. I will talk about how this product first came about, and how it is made. Also I will talk about what the advantages of using this are and other information about it. In the world, there are many roads leading in every direction. Over time people began to develop ways so that it would be easier to travel. Starting from dirt roads, and using the river system and railroad, we have come a long way. Cars were not even thought of as a major way of transportation until today. With the growth of car companies there would be many tires that would come and go. Roads would be created spanning the length of the country. This would eventually lead to many tires being used and dumped into the junkyards and landfills, as well as roads crumbling over time to the great forces or nature with few people wondering how they could make a better road that could last longer then before. After a great span of time someone finally found ou t how to put it all together. They found out how to put use of the old tires in the junkyard along with a way to stop the roads from being weak and allowing them to have a greater life span with less cracks. This first came from asphalt, which is a mixture of aggregate, sand, bitumen, and other various additives. Rubberized asphalt is one of the many different types of asphalt, which also includes, hot-mix, cold-mix, and glasphalt. There were many tests done in the 1920s to try to create the product of rubber asphalt, but many of the attempts failed. Rubberized asphalt was first developed in the mid 1960s by the Materials Engineer for the City of Phoenix, Charles McDonald, mixed an amount of crumb rubber from old tires with asphalt cement. It is a blend of asphalt cement, old claimed tire rubber, certain amount of additives in which the rubber component is at least 15% by weight of the total blend and has reacted sufficiently to cau...

Free Essays on Frantz Fannon

Frantz Fanon Fanon writes about decolonization in both Africa and in South America. The process of decolonization in his mind is a violent process. Decolonization is in also an issue of race because in the countries which are colonized by the westerners the colonized nations are of a different race. This also fuels the fire of violence in the colonized nations. The European nations who colonized the African nations did so with an iron fist. They ruled the people using fear and punishment. This use of fear and violence is what the native people used to get rid of the foreigners. Fighting for their own land the native people will fight to the end because that is all they have to stand for. In the colonizing efforts all native practices were abolished and in this the people find themselves more connected to their land. The violence which has held the native people back is what is going to propel them into independence. The colonist bourgeoisie were the people who ran the colonies. The homes and businesses were taken over by the native middle class after the decolonization. This was a good thing for the native people but Fanon writes how this also restricted the people from doing other things. For example he speaks about South America and how it was turned into a tourist destination during the time of colonization. After the people fought for their freedom the native bourgeoisie took over the businesses and were forced to continue the tourist business. The colonized nations have little ability to move on and create new and profitable businesses. This is not helpful for the rest of the nation or country all of the lower class. These people don’t benefit from the decolonization and Fanon speaks on how the only people to benefit from the decolonization effort are the top five percent of the population. Another problem faced by the African nations was that 98 percent of the people were illiterate. This raises questio... Free Essays on Frantz Fannon Free Essays on Frantz Fannon Frantz Fanon Fanon writes about decolonization in both Africa and in South America. The process of decolonization in his mind is a violent process. Decolonization is in also an issue of race because in the countries which are colonized by the westerners the colonized nations are of a different race. This also fuels the fire of violence in the colonized nations. The European nations who colonized the African nations did so with an iron fist. They ruled the people using fear and punishment. This use of fear and violence is what the native people used to get rid of the foreigners. Fighting for their own land the native people will fight to the end because that is all they have to stand for. In the colonizing efforts all native practices were abolished and in this the people find themselves more connected to their land. The violence which has held the native people back is what is going to propel them into independence. The colonist bourgeoisie were the people who ran the colonies. The homes and businesses were taken over by the native middle class after the decolonization. This was a good thing for the native people but Fanon writes how this also restricted the people from doing other things. For example he speaks about South America and how it was turned into a tourist destination during the time of colonization. After the people fought for their freedom the native bourgeoisie took over the businesses and were forced to continue the tourist business. The colonized nations have little ability to move on and create new and profitable businesses. This is not helpful for the rest of the nation or country all of the lower class. These people don’t benefit from the decolonization and Fanon speaks on how the only people to benefit from the decolonization effort are the top five percent of the population. Another problem faced by the African nations was that 98 percent of the people were illiterate. This raises questio...

The way of Duty A Woman and Her Family in Revolutionay America by Joy Essay

The way of Duty A Woman and Her Family in Revolutionay America by Joy Day Buel and Richard Buel, Jr - Essay Example . Besides being the co- author of the famous book â€Å"The Way of Duty† along with Joy D. Buel, he is also the author of Dear Liberty (1980), Securing the Revolution (1972) and many others. His education took place at Amherst College and Harvard Universities and was the honored recipient of several fellowships. Currently he is a member of the Connecticut Council for Humanities and the Connecticut State Historical Commission The story revolves around a woman, Mary Fish Silliman (1736 – 1818) and her family who lived during the American Revolution. Mary Fish was born on 30th May 1736 in a place called Stonington in Connecticut. Her father was Reverend Joseph Fish who came from Massachusetts while her mother was Rebecca. Theirs was a close knit family whose lives revolved around religion. Though there were three different religious communities in order to make it easier for people to go to church, yet on all essential religious, church or political matters, the ministry and the people of Stonington were united. The family lived about one and a half mile away from the church in a huge two storied parsonage. Some distance away from the Parish were the houses and farms of the parishners. The family led a comfortable and peaceful life having purchased a small farm with a few servants and slaves. All through her girlhood Mary maintained a private journal which she filled with her exciting experiences and reminiscences which she jotted down when she was sixty four years old. In Mary’s own words, â€Å"that they would prove instructive and entertaining to my dear children when the hand that writes could move no more† ( ) One of the greatest religious influences during this period was ‘Deism’ especially for the Americans of the upper classes. The Enlightenment rationalism highly influenced the Congregational, Presbyterian and Anglican clergy. However, in

Critical Analysis of A Doll House Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Analysis of A Doll House - Essay Example with feminist literature is limited, I believe that this play is an example of feminist thought since a woman (Nora) is able to confront and come to a settlement with the oppressor in her life. The liberties afforded to women today were non-existent in those times and I do not think that the ending of the play which shows Nora walking out on her husband and children would be acceptable to Victorian viewers. For her husband, Nora is nothing more than a person who keeps the house clean and beautiful as well as being a plaything for entertainment. However, by the end of the play we can see that the representations of characters are quite the contrary since Nora transforms herself completely. From a weak woman who lives by the whims and fancies of her husband, she gains enough strength to deny him completely and start her own life. She realizes how all men in her life have wanted to use her for one purpose or another and she is merely a doll living in a doll house. The forgery committed by her was to help her husband recover from his illness, yet all he could think of was the scandal which would be created if it was discovered. There is also the dual role of women presented in the beginning of the play which was particularly interesting i.e. a self sacrificing object and an object to be desired. Regardless of the social stature of the woman in question, she is expected to sacrifice herself for the man in her life whether it is a weak father or a sick husband. In terms of appearances, nothing in the house or the nature of the characters is shown to be true. Nora appears to be a weak and flighty woman while she is revealed to be thoughtful, caring and strong willed. Torvald is supposed to be the ‘man of the house’ and the one in charge of things however, all power is taken away from him by Nora and he shows his true colors as a coward by not supporting his wife. Krogstad appears to be a scheming, evil fellow at the beginning of the play but at the end he appears

Conference Decision Week 1 Case Analysis Essay Example for Free

Conference Decision Week 1 Case Analysis Essay 1) Define the decision problem? This case describes the problem of an accounting system user’s conference cannot be held on time due to the Hurricane Katrina, and the management has to come up with a decision of either moving to a new location or to switch to other dates under all circumstances at a short period of time. 2) What is the general nature of the problem? The most significant aspect of the problem is that due to the Hurricane Katrina, the conference will probably not be held, and the last minute announcement of switching location will make the company lose customers and reputations due to the cancellation of flight and hotel and all other costs. 3) What event triggered the situation? In fact we see from the root, Hurricane Katrina triggered the situation which is an irresistible natural disaster. Actually I believe that the management board should be liable for this situation as well since the weather is foreseeable, why wouldn’t able for them to prevent this situation, for instance, they can make a plan B in case the unforeseen event happens. 4) What are the imposed constraints on the situation? The imposed constraints from the attendees who had prepaid the attendance fee  will have to decide if they will still go to the conference, the fact is that people might have to change or cancel their flight and hotel which might be a potential cost, or they are not coming at all which might affect company’s profit and reputation because if the location or dated has been rescheduled, they maybe not attend. Furthermore, things that considered being constraints are things cannot be controlled, such as the unforeseen natural disaster, hurricane. 5) What are the underlying elements of the problem? The underlying elements can be for instance, the city has been destroyed by the hurricane and it will cost some time to rebuilt the fundamental, also for the company, it takes time to reorganize the conference. During the process, the company might lose profit from the disaster. 6) Describe the dependencies on other decisions? Attendees are expecting the sponsor to make a satisfied decision with regarding to the current situation. However, it is easy to neglect important factors, miss desirable options, or base the decision on unreliable information. Company’s dependency is the profit lost from the prepaid attendance as well as the potential new customers. On the other hand, the conference attendance’s dependencies are looking for their business opportunities from the conference, and to find a better way to prevent the loose from not going to the conference.

Womens Fight Against Social Convention in Sylvia Plaths Poem, Ariel E

Women's Fight Against Social Convention in Sylvia Plath's Poem, Ariel "Ariel" is the title poem from Sylvia Plath's controversial collection of poetry written during the last few months of her life in 1963. The traditional gender roles of 1960s America promoted a double-standard and wrongly imposed upon women the idea of a "Happy Housewife Heroine" who cherished "the receptivity and passivity implicit in (her) nature" and was "devoted to (her) own beauty and (her) ability to bear and nurture children" (Friedan, 59). Plath comments on the devastating effects of social convention on individuality, but she realizes that both sexes are affected by society's oppression of its members. She contemplates this theme throughout Ariel, especially in the "The Applicant," a critique of the emptiness of the stereotypical roles of men and women at the time. In Shakespeare's The Tempest, Ariel is a good spirit who is enslaved by Prospero and is constantly striving for freedom. This struggle is comparable to that of American women for recognition and respect in the 1960s. "Ariel" illustrates ...

Image Incentives for Environmental Management Essay

Investors are most perceptibly impressed by environmental management. A company that demonstrates sound and sustainable practices with respect to the environment wins the trust of fund managers who adopt risk management strategies for the long-term safety of capital. A business or even an arm of government that has large ‘eyesores’ in terms of waste, extravagant consumption and deleterious side-effects from use of its products and services, will find it impossible to attract fresh investment, or even to retain its equity, unless it is able to demonstrate clear ability to contain all the undesirable effects of its operations. Organizations with transparent environmental management systems will emerge as preferred destinations for public and private investment. Major accidents can threaten the continuance of both industry and government. The impacts of the Bhopal disaster on Union Carbide’s pesticide operations, and that of the atomic power plant accident in Chernobyl, are striking examples of how a sudden disaster can be the reason for an indefinite cessation of all activities for a running organization. Formal environmental management systems help to reduce probabilities of adverse incidents, to cope with the immediate effects of disasters, and for image recovery in the aftermath of such major incidents. The EMS has therefore image implications for organizations, apart from the actual aid that it would render internally. Industries with negative images in the public mind need independent certification of their environmental management systems more than others. The label of ISO can enable such enterprises prolong their market operations. Some communities may ask polluting and hazardous businesses to move away from them. Local governments do routinely place severe restrictions on chemical application-some cities in North America have even banned their use altogether. Such developments point towards the eventual demise of entire sectors of industry. Companies and organizations with long term stakes in such enterprises, can rescue their investments by adopting comprehensive environmental management standards. There are a large number of enterprises and organizations with products, services and activities that have no obvious effects on the environment. Even they may on life cycle analysis, find areas where they can contribute to conservation of key earth resources. Life saving health care services generates large quantities of infectious wastes. Electronic goods including computers contain plastics and heavy metals, the disposal of which threatens our future, in a field with such rapid obsolescence. Many consumer goods compete on the basis of elaborate and attractive packaging, which tends to be paper based, and therefore very demanding of vegetative cover. Bureaucracies, especially the armed forces, may run on enormous quantities of energy without consummate and durable benefits. Companies in ‘non-polluting’ fields of endeavor can achieve new breakthroughs by displaying foresight in environmental conservation terms. Environmental concerns are most attractive for the young. This may be because of the long-term perspectives in which related concerns lie. Companies that design and make products and services for the young, can often find environmental concerns to make special business sense. Many social organizations have large numbers of young people amongst their ranks of activists and followers, because they lay so much importance by the environment and its conservation. Any business or group activity that seeks the support and endorsement of the young must have defendable records of environmental management. Toyota leads automobile manufacturers which use achievements in energy and waste reductions, to reach out to the young and to increase their market shares of this demographic segment. Formal environmental management systems involve elaborate procedures. They use the best team building practices. Environmental management methods use some of the top business management resources. The technology encompasses all aspect of business and operations; it provides platforms for individual and group excellence. Firms and organizations with elaborate environmental management systems in place can attract and retain the best professional talent, because of the challenge and opportunity it presents. Conversely, companies and organizations with poor records of environmental conservation will find it increasingly difficult to build adequate human resources of the right quality. The reasons and benefits of certified environmental management are not confined to the ‘soft’ reasons of image and goodwill: there are concrete business advantages as well. Companies and service organizations that supply goods and services to downstream industries, can access additional markets by adopting environmental management systems. The latter have ‘domino’ effects and all those who adopt formal systems for environment care are generally obliged to make their suppliers conform as well. Vendors who opt to ignore environmental management systems, or who consider the costs to be too high, will find themselves isolated and excluded from increasing sections of their potential markets. Tenders for major construction and service projects may stipulate environmental requirements. Bids can be lost because potential winners for such contracts do not have the experience and resources to comply with tender conditions. Some bidders, who are not the lowest on price, may present environmental advantages and add-on services to support their bids. We may see more examples of this trend, especially when public funds are at stake. It is unlikely that any major tenders can exclude conditions related to environmental concerns. We know that investors value stocks more on the bases of their perceptions and sentiments, rather than by the cold facts and figures of financial statements and checks of dividend. Image plays a major role in building long term value for companies, especially leaders in mature markets. There is a recent trend towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which instigates firms to stray beyond the strict limits of their original purposes. CSR has little meaning for firms without EMSs. One can never tell when an acute and major adverse event may expose an errant company, but the erosion of credibility of all firms with pernicious abuse of the environment, is also certain. There are strong compulsions for companies to develop and to protect their images in the public eye through the shield of ISO 14001. ISO 14000 and Global Trends The Internet and the World Trade Organization have combined to give all businesses global potential. This is a double-edged sword, as the benefits come with certain tags. One of the important implications of globalization is the need to display effective commitment to environmental conservation. The latter is a prime concern of recent origin that permeates key markets everywhere (Hanson, A. J. not dated). The United Nations Commission on Environment and Development, also known as the Brundtland Commission, published in 1987, gives concrete credence for the inevitability of environmental concerns for all international transactions. The cause of sustainable development is well served by the ISO 14000 series. Business houses and social organizations are bound by some international treaties related to environmental protection. The Montreal Protocol of 1987 on ozone depletion, the Basel Convention of 1989 on the transport of hazardous wastes, the 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change and the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity, are the key ones. These international agreements act as competitive advantages for companies that can meet the technological challenges implied; companies that ignore international trends in environmental concerns, on the other hand, are doomed to exclusion from emerging frontiers of global business. The Agreement on Technical business to Trade (TBT) and the Code of Good Practice are strong albeit indirect influences by the World Trade Organization to impose environmental management on a trans-national basis. Imports in to a member country may be restricted by technical regulations and product standards. The latter can have strong environment norms, as for example in terms of air emissions. Product labeling requirements may also act as barriers for companies to export their goods, if they do not have a comprehensive environmental management system such as ISO 14001 in place. Since ecological labeling is based on life cycle analysis, international trade can dig deep in to production and purchase systems as a barrier to entry for companies that do not follow or use ISO 14001. The Strategic Advisory Group on the Environment (SAGE) has led the ISO to establish the following standards, each of which has severe impact on companies involved in international trade: Environmental Management Systems (EMS) Environmental Auditing (EA) Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE) Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) Environmental Labeling (EL) Terms and Definitions (T&D) Environmental Aspects of Product Standards (EAPS). TC 207 has the international authority to set standards for environmental management systems. It has established a network of organized committees in many countries of the first world that give strong body and substance to the strict observance of environmental management standards by all companies engaged in global trade. TC 207 gives an undeniable message to global corporations to use systems such as ISO 14001. Environmental concerns have reached consumer groups, and they add great force to regulatory pressures on global companies to use the ISO 14000 series to respond to changing trends in customer demands. Companies that lack the abilities and the inclination to conserve the environment, face gradual extinction as they stand to lose custom. The net effect of these treaties and regulations is that business will get confined in stages to small pockets of the third world where international obligations do not apply, and where consumer awareness is low. Even these pockets will shrink to infinitesimal proportions with the passage of time. The future lies in business that meets global standards, and environmental management systems are an integral part of such standards. ISO 14001 is a structured way for all companies to strengthen their bases for the world-wide markets of the future. ISO 14001 and Profits Many business leaders will not invest the time and money required to obtain ISO 14001 registration, and to maintain it, for image reasons alone. However, they can be persuaded by arguments related to direct effects on the bottom line. ISO 14001 helps profitability in a number of ways (Case Studies 2002). Companies which have implemented ISO 14001 have the following experiences: 1. ISO 14001 makes the implementation of other standards in the ISO 14000 series easier. A company which invests in ISO 14001 can earn multiple returns by qualifying quickly and at low cost, for other certifications in the series. The profit implications of this competence will become an increasing lever of competitive advantage as countries and trading blocks insist on the consumer benefits that the ISO 14000 series offers. 2. Material and energy costs can be significant in total product costs. Much of the ISO 14001 process deals with reducing the amount of materials and energies needed to make each unit of a brand. This leads to direct cost savings. ISO 14001 also reduces the total cost of production by reducing waste management expenses. 3. ISO 14001 reduces the chances that a company may have to pay out large and unexpected amounts to help communities recover from pollution arising out of production and use of products. ISO 14001 protects operating profits from erosion due to recovery from pollution. 4. Recycling of waste is an important ISO 14001 priority. Parts recovered from a recycling process can act as raw materials for a new or a different production process, sometimes by a new entity at some other location. Regardless of the structure of a recycling process, there are always significant revenue potentials in the system. 5. ISO 14001 contributes positively to employee health and safety. It reduces employee-related costs in this manner, and improves productivity. ISO 14001 companies can expect better contributions from their human resources. 6. Insurance companies can be persuaded to reduce their charges as ISO 14001 improves risk management. The chances of adverse events reduce with ISO 14001 processes, and thereby reduce insurance costs. 7. ISO 14001 has international relevance. Companies that operate globally can avoid duplicating the costs of meeting local standards by seeking the universal nature of ISO 14001 certification. 8. Company valuation appreciates after an ISO 14001 certification, especially for relatively risky areas of business. Investors feel more assured about investing in stocks of companies that are able to manage their inherent risks in the transparent and professional ways of ISO 14001. 9. Companies can market their ISO 14001 certifications to gain market share. Customers may switch over to support companies who are able to inform them about the environmental benefits of the registration. ISO 14001 is a flexible system that adapts to the priorities of organizations that strive for its certification. It yields margin improvement through productivity achievements. It also protects future profits by contributing to the risk management capabilities of registered organizations. It can reduce insurance costs by managing product liabilities and reducing the probabilities of accidents, claims and other adverse incidents. Companies that use ISO 14001 experience profit growth and more assured future prospects as well.

Improve own performance in a business environment Essay

1.1 – The purpose and benefits of continuously improving performance at work is important to enhance your career, moving up the organization that you are working in or getting a new job with the new founded skills. Also means that you have great pride in your work and before more efficient. Once you have improved in one thing there will always be something else you can improve on. Having monthly or yearly reviews in your workspace allows you to note down what you are good at and what you need to work on, allowing you to set goals for you to work at. 1.2 – The purpose and benefits of encouraging and accepting feedback from others is important to improve oneself in your work. When you gain feedback from others it enables you to have an outlook on what you are doing correct and what you are doing wrong. If you just go by your own feedback you will never work to your best ability because you wont criticize yourself. Take notice of feedback in all its forms – put all feedback in a curiosity frame: ask yourself how you can use it to avoid failures, or to repeat successes. Feedback can be both formal and informal in nature. For example, formal feedback can be in a meeting and informal feedback can be between colleagues asking how you were or how you did the last assignment. Ignoring feedback means you will just continue to do the same thing in the same way without improving on the way you are doing it. 1.3 – Learning and development can improve your own work, benefit organizations and identify career options by succeeding in workplace training courses, college based courses, private training courses and on the job training, such as shadowing a colleague. These courses may ask for a fee but they are always worth doing. It allows you to learn new skills or try out skills that you have not yet used. Team building exercises are always good if you work alone because it puts you in a different environment, it tests you to see how you would cope. You will gain leadership from these experiences but will also learn how to follow someone other than yourself. This will not only improve your work life but will always show through your work. You will become independent but also know to ask for help or feedback on your work. 1.4 – Possible progression routes for your career would be either moving up in your career for example into management. Or it could be moving to another department you in your work space. This means that you will have to meet new people, use new skills and progress as you would when doing a course. Another progression route would be to change your career completely. You may be doing a job you like but there may always be something you would love to do. Searching on behalf of this dream, you can find courses to do, research how to do it, become an independent company. This will further your career and be useful for future job roles. 1.5 – Possible development opportunities are increasing the skills to do the job at hand or a future job that you are trying to get. Some of the ways to do this are shadowing a colleague, reading articles and journals. Taking notes on new things will help with this. Experience with a new skill, such as meeting new clients. This type of skill you can do at home in front of a mirror or just ask someone to help and let them be the client. The possibilities are endless but being prepared will always be the first thing to remember when you want to develop.

Commitments Essays - English-language Films, Films, The Commitments

Commitments Essays - English-language Films, Films, The Commitments Commitments Have you ever watched a movie and then watched it over again just for the music? If this is a common occurrence for you, then get your rewinder ready for The Commitments. It's not often that a movie comes along with a soundtrack as good as this one's. The music is an integral part of the movie, but it's not all that makes this movie worth seeing. The cast was put together like a tight fitting puzzle. The writers worked in the necessary comedic elements, while also showing the characters' strengths and weaknesses. It's not often you see a movie about music come along where someone doesn't die, or the same song isn't played over and over again. With songs like Mustang Sally, the Black Crowe's' hit Hard to Handle, and Chain of Fools, this soundtrack really rocks. It's hard to believe that Andrew Strong, who played Deco Cuffe in the film, was only sixteen when this movie was made. His voice oozes power and emotion, a feat not easily accomplished by even an experienced singer. He is truly Joey Lang's Irish counter-part. The group's rendition of Try a Little Tenderness was nothing less spectacular. The Commitment-etts, played by Angelina Ball, Maria Doyle, and Bronagh Gallagher, added their talents primarily as back-up singers, but they do have some spotlight numbers. Their style, the choreography and harmonies, reminds me of some of the girl groups from the Fifties and Sixties: The Supremes, the Shirrelles, and the Marvelettes. While in the movie Chain of Fools is interrupted by a fight, the girls pull off the performance masterfully. The Commitments is found in the Drama section at Blockbuster Video, but I found it to be more of a comedy than a drama. When Joey Fagen, played by Johnny Murphy, is introduced, I had a good laugh as he crashed his scooter in the alley. My favorite part of the movie is a conversation between Jimmy Rabbit (Robert Arkins) and his father, played by Colm Meaney. After Jimmy had spoken with Joey at the back gate, his father asked, What did he want? Jimmy replied with the answer he had been given, God sent him. Mr. Rabbit had to ask again to make sure he heard right, and he got the same answer, to which he replied this time, On a Suzuki? It's not just the dialogue that makes this movie funny. Some of Deco's onstage antics are notably laugh-worthy: knocking over the Commitment-ettes and electrocuting Outspan (Glen Hansard. The writers even added the never fails to get a laugh fart in a small cramped space. Even with all of his comedic scenes, Deco is more than just comic relief in this movie. For the most part, he is shown as an egotistical jerk. He has a great voice, and he knows it, and the writers let him show it. He even goes as far as saying, This is my band, which none of the others take too lightly. Joey is another character with some depth to him. He is the religious one to whom God said, The Irish brothers need some soul. With all of his Bible spouting, Joey's actions are less than holy. He is the only male member of the band who's having sex, and it happened to be with each of the Commitment-etts. Jimmy Rabbit is the band's manager, and perhaps one of the most complex characters in the film. At first, it seems he believes the band is just another moneymaking scheme. When things started coming together in the group's performances, I believe he started to see The Commitments as his way to fame. He would hold imaginary interviews with himself, and give the reporters deep-seeming responses when actually interviewed. He had spent two years receiving unemployment benefits, and I think that he wanted more, which where the band fit into his plans. I wouldn't say that The Commitments fits into either the Death Watch genre of rock-n-roll films, or the Sex Watch. I think that it may fall into the class of Could Be Big rock-n-roll films. Another film in this category would That Thing You Do, the 1996 Tom Hanks film. These films are alike in many ways. The band members in

Banished Words of 2009

Banished Words of 2009 Banished Words of 2009 Banished Words of 2009 By Maeve Maddox Every January Lake Superior State University in Sault Ste. Marie publishes a list of 15 Words to Be Banished from the Queens English for Mis-use, Over-use and General Uselessness. This years losers (and some reasons given for banishing them): 1 Green 2 Carbon Footprint 3 Maverick 4 First Dude Skateboard English is not an appropriate way to refer to the spouse of a high-ranking public official. 5 Bailout Use of emergency funds to remove toxic assets from banks balance sheets is not a bailout. When your cousin calls you from jail in the middle of the night, he wants a bailout. 6 Wall Street/Main Street 7 -monkey (all-purpose internet suffix) 8 Icon/iconic 9 Game changer 10 Staycation (stay-at-home-vacation) 11 Desperate Search 12 Not so much 13 Winner of Five Nominations 14 Its that time of year again When is it not that time of year again? Any English speaker is eligible to nominate a word and give a reason for its banishment. Check out the LSSU site: Origins of the contest 2009 List and reasons for banishment Submit your choice for 2010 List Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph Examples50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers20 Ways to Laugh

Marketing Strategies and Techniques by Coca Cola Assignment

Marketing Strategies and Techniques by Coca Cola - Assignment Example The organization has been effectively successful over the last 100 years. The organization has become an icon of global culture. The organization believes in partnership business with several bottles around the globe. The organization has generated revenue of more than 35 billion US dollar in the year 2010. Moreover, the organization has achieved a net income of almost 12 billion US dollar in the same year. These are a quite impressive number. Presently the organization is operating in more than 200 countries (Vpcomn, 2008, p.2). Moreover, during this point of time near about 139,600 employees are working under the payroll of Coca-Cola (Vrontis, 2003, p.2). The leading global organizations are trying to capitalize on the opportunities that have been created due to globalization. After the Second World War, the concept of globalization has evolved dramatically around the globe. Coca-Cola is one of those organizations who has effectively capitalized on those opportunities. The brand na me is hugely popular in more than 200 countries. Current UK soft drink market has become competitive enough. Several potential organizations within the industry including Coca-Cola are competing within this competitive UK market. Due to the high-calorie issue, recently the consumers are trying to consume fruit flavor juice or low-calorie soft drinks (Pitt, 1999, p.1). PepsiCo the only potential competitor of Coca-Cola is creating several challenges for the organization by introducing several product lines. The current market trend, huge competition and matured sift drink UK market has to make Coca-Cola busy to perform its business activities in the UK market (Wmich, 2012, p.1). Mission, Direction, and objectives Coca-Cola is one of the leading soft drink manufacturing companies. Their business values and activities reflected in their mission statement. Mission The organization used to do business practices according to their mission statement which is: The products will refresh the world....in mind, spirit, and body. The organization will inspire optimism moments......through products, actions, and brands. The organization will create huge value and will create the difference...wherever they are involved (Svendsen, 2013, p.4). Direction and Objective Segment The major business objective of Coca-Cola is to expand its diet coke range with the inclusion of several healthy elements. Moreover, the organization is trying to achieve an impressive market share by entering in UK fruit drink segment. The organization already has started to execute the required strategies in several parts of the globe. But due to huge market saturation in the UK, the organization is planning to enter the fruit drink market by monitoring all the strategies and current market trend (Jones, 2010, p.9).  Ã‚  

Private interest groups and their role in Washington Essay

Private interest groups and their role in Washington - Essay Example Each law or amendment has a bunch of monetary transactions behind it. While a conventional market place sells commodities and services, the Congress sells legislative favors. It is a pitiable condition, but nevertheless true. Numerous empirical studies have been conducted on understanding the nature of influence of interest groups. As far as studies on interest groups’ ability to influence legislative voting, the results are mixed. It is fairly clear that cultural issues such as gay rights, abortion, school prayer, etc have minimal interference from interest groups. The reason is obvious – they have no overt commercial bearing. For general socio-cultural topics â€Å"legislative voting is driven by partisanship, ideology, religious beliefs, and constituency opinion, with interest group influence occurring at the margins. Interest group influence on culture war issues is conditional, but may be more visible simply because support has been relatively low.† (Haider-Markel, 1999) Amid the generic fear over the influence of interest groups, a particular concern has risen over the notion that Political Action Committees (PACs) are buying the allegiance of politicians. The flow of money into PAC’s reveals a blatant misuse of campaign financing. For example, the PAC leadership has been found to allow special interests and big business to sway key decisions. One can garner this from an analysis of receipts and expenditure incurred by PACs in the last decade. The spirit behind limits to campaign donation is to pre-empt any undue pressure from large donors. But this regulation is easily circumvented â€Å"by giving to a members personal campaign fund and to his or her leadership PAC†. (Public Citizens Congress Watch, 2004) So, legal loopholes such as these have effectively made election campaigns sophisticated quid-pro-quo affairs. To cite an example, during the 1991-92 Congressional elections, the maximum personal campaign fund cap

Strategic Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Strategic Management - Assignment Example Rumelt has severely criticized the contemporary concepts of strategy, which is largely followed by strategists, marketers and leaders. According to Rumelt, a good strategy consists of a specific plan for solving a defined problem or challenge. It involves multiple stages and tedious development of expertly and thoughtfully implemented policies. This strategy is designed focusing on the obstacles and the appropriate procedure to mitigate them. A major differentiating factor between Rumelt’s good strategy and other contemporary strategy is that his strategy stresses upon intelligent utilization of resources in order to solve specific issues, rather than distributing the resources without proper research.According to Rumelt, bad strategy is not necessarily the reverse of good strategy. In general, bad strategy has emerged from specific leadership dysfunctions and specific misconceptions. Bad strategies are characterized as follows;1. Fluff: It means filling slogans with trends an d popular buzzwords rather than important insights, thereby rendering the slogans empty. Here, aims or objectives of an organization are bluntly put in their strategies, without adding creativity or streamlining the same with business function or target customers. Most of the mediocre and traditional organizations follow the similar unproductive approach.2. Failure in facing challenges: It is impossible to create a strategy if leaders fail to identify as well as isolate the major issue or challenge faced.

Gender and sexuality Essay Example for Free

Gender and sexuality Essay Gender and sexuality has permeated the character of Latin American nations throughout history. Latin America has demonstrated examples of the manipulation of gender as a means of a nations government asserting its political and social control, and the history of the Cuban Revolution shows that Cuba is among such nations. Since its infancy in 1959 and through the 1990s, the Cuban revolutionary government has managed to achieve a well-documented history of oppressive practices that has made the Cuban government the subject of much worldwide criticism and scrutiny over the years. Among the root of this oppression is a commitment to political and social control along gender lines for a greater nationalistic cause. Not unlike other Latin American nations, gender roles as they are recognized in Cuba have been constructed and forcefully prescribed by the government. The citizens of the nation have been socialized to discern between masculine and feminine traits, as well understand why certain traits are desirable while others are not. These determinations have had far-reaching consequences in the cultural realm of Cuban society. Social circles are designed partly upon a person’s recognition of and adherence to specific gender roles. A part of the Cuban revolutionary government’s use of gender for political and social control is its attitude toward and relationship with male homosexuality. The systematic persecution of homosexuals in Cuba has been used by the state in an insular fashion against its citizens for the purpose of controlling them, but also as an outward political maneuver of serves to uphold national dignity and honor as part of a Cuban national identity that is to be recognized and respected throughout the rest of the world. In addition to this paper’s thesis being based on the Cuban revolutionary government’s use of gender and sexuality as a tool of political and social control, the notion of patriarchy is a theory that is central to this thesis. Part of Cuba’s national identity is the patriarchal nature of its government, which not only applies to the relationship between the state and its citizens, but also applies to the relationship between Cuba and other nations. Dominance and strength, two factors upon which patriarchy is based, are what Cuba stands to project to larger, more powerful nations as a symbol of an exalted position in the world. As discussed in the paper, Cuba’s patriarchal government uses its rejection of homosexuality outwardly as a tactic of resisting and rejecting the systems and ideals of nations that the Cuban Revolution finds itself to be fundamentally at odds with. Evidence of this can be found in works such as Ian Lumsden’s Machos, Maricones, and Gays: Cuba and Homosexuality. The arguments made in this paper are written around various primary documents that not only support the central thesis, but also serve as a base for extended discussion of certain elements that have contributed to a greater part of a nation’s history. One such element is the notion of gender roles and norms being defined and prescribed by the state, which in turn affects its society’s views. This includes the legal and penal mechanisms through which the prescriptions are upheld. Legal enforcement leads to a second element, which is nationalism as the motive for the state’s manipulation of gender and sexuality. This control of the Cuban people is part of a greater political agenda: ensuring the success of the Cuban Revolution. A part of this political maneuver is maintaining the honor of the nation and defending its worldwide image. A third and final element is the concept of cultures and governments undergoing change over a period of time. Such changes include the state’s gender-based ideas and prescriptions, as well as the catalysts for such change. These changes are ultimtately reflected in the attitudes of a nation’s people. The film â€Å"Fresa y Chocolate† is one of the primary sources that this paper is written around. Set in Cuba circa 1979, â€Å"Fresa y Chocolate† reflects the attitudes toward homosexuality that were the norm in Cuba during the first couple of decades of the Cuban revolution, and also depicts the government’s use of gender and sexuality to advance its own political agenda. What qualities make or do not make the revolutionary? What place does a homosexual have in the Cuban revolution? What is homosexuality supposed to mean to the communist youth? These are questions that â€Å"Fresa y Chocolate† raises and helps answer. The other primary documents that this paper is written around are the writings of controversial gay Cuban writer Reinaldo Arenas. This paper discusses some examples of the persecution that Arenas endured as a homosexual coming up during the Cuban Revolution. From physical attacks and censorship to arrests and imprisonment, Arenas symbolized to the Cuban revolutionary government the classic threat to the patriarchal state that the government feared and aimed to neutralize. Although writings from a persecuted homosexual in Cuba stand to possibly reflect certain biases, it is important to look at alternate points of view with the purpose of still supporting the basic arguments conveyed herein. For that reason, this paper will also discuss the works of writers such as Rafael L. Ramirez and Rafael Ocasio, who did not emerge from a situation similar to that of Arenas’s. Ocasio explains that Reinaldo Arenas initially expressed interest in the Cuban Revolution, having left home at the age of fifteen to become a guerilla fighter for Fidel Castro. (14) Arenas was rejected due to his young age and the fact that he had no firearms. His enthusiasm for supporting Castro eventually waned, however, and it was the sexual repression that Arenas encountered at his boarding school that began his discontent with the Castro regime. (17) Ocasio cites the reprisal that students faced if caught committing homosexual acts. In addition to expulsion, school officials also went as far as detailing the nature of student’s transgression in school records, thereby barring these homosexual students from other state-run schools. According to Ocasio, Arenas stated that arrest and incarceration could also result from certain instances of such activity. (17) This made Arenas aware of politically-related persecution of homosexuals as an adolescent. Systematic, state-sanctioned persecution of homosexuals is further exemplified by the nighttime roundups of homosexuals organized by Cuban police, a practice that traces back to 1961. The earliest documented case of this is known as the Night of the Three Ps (prostitutes, pimps, y pederasts). Gay playwright Virgilio Pinera was among those who were arrested. (Ocasio 24) These raids were purely politically-motivated, for as Salas explains, police targeted anything they found in these raids that appeared to be antisocial or non-conformist, including clothing or hairstyles deemed inappropriate. In support of this, Salas cites an instance in which a Young Communist League leader was arrested in one of the raids despite not being involved in any homosexual activity. Police targeted him because of his long hair, which was cut by authorities. The man was released once he confirmed his identity. (155) Homosexuals targeted in these raids were considered part of a greater antisocial element that the government sought to eliminate. Ocasio explains that while officials assigned prostitutes to schools where they could supposedly be rehabilitated, Castro stated that homosexuals would be barred from the possibility of having any influence in cultural life, schools, or the arts. (24) The aforementioned roundups of homosexuals organized by Cuban police had an affect on Cuba’s intellectual community, and was only one example of the Castro regime’s politically-inspired oppression. Various official statements were made by the Cuban government against homosexuals as part of a nationwide campaign promoting proper ethical policies that fostered acceptable revolutionary behavior. It was clear that writers such as Arenas and artists such as Pinera were not seen by the new regime as conducive to the political achievement to which the Cuban revolutionary government aspired. This is supported by Castro’s famous â€Å"Words to Intellectuals† speech, which Ocasio cites as the first official statement made by the Cuban revolutionary government that determined the boundaries within which revolutionary writers and artists were to operate: â€Å"What are the rights of writers and artists, revolutionary or not? In support of the Revolution, every right; against the Revolution, no rights. Homosexual persecution rooted in the Cuban revolutionary cause is indicative of the revolutionary government’s concept of what it referred to as the New Man. In Social Control and Deviance in Cuba, author Luis Salas discusses the state’s concept of the New Man as Cuba’s ideal revolutionary, which allows no place for a homosexual in the revolution. (166) According to Salas, such a question was clearly answered by Fidel Castro with the following statement: â€Å"Nothing prevents a homosexual from professing revolutionary ideology and consequently, exhibiting a correct political position. In this case he should not be considered politically negative. And yet we would never come to believe that a homosexual could embody the conditions and requirements of conduct that would enable us to consider him a true revolutionary, a true Communist militant. A deviation of that nature clashes with the concept we have of what a militant Communist must be. † Salas contends that to the Cuban revolutionary, the New Man represents strength, honor, and â€Å"connotes maleness and virility. †(166) Conversely, homosexuality is considered to represent weakness, a classically feminine trait. The strength needed to be a true revolutionary is something that the Cuban revolutionary government saw in the uncorrupted youth of Cuba. The youth of the nation was regarded by the state as â€Å"one of the most treasured possessions of the nation† that was expected contribute to the success of the revolution, and as such, was to be protected from â€Å"a group viewed as seducers of small children. †(167) This aforementioned political attitude with regards to homosexuals in relation to the communist youth of Cuba was reflected in the film â€Å"Fresa y Chocolate. † In the film, David is a young communist university student who initially views an older homosexual artist named Diego as someone who is to be avoided and not to be trusted. David’s roommate Miguel is even more militant in his revolutionary, homophobic stance, and resorts to using David to spy on Diego due to his belief that Diego is a danger to the revolutionary cause and thus cannot be trusted. Although Diego eventually befriends David, there is a mutual understanding between both characters of the dangers that such a friendship can pose to a young communist like David, and David makes it clear to Diego that they are not to be seen together in public. This depiction is indicative of the state’s effort to socialize its youth towards anti-homosexual sentiment by portraying homosexuals as political obstacles and enemies of the state in order to influence public opinion and sway political action in the government’s favor. As Leiner explains, homosexuality played a role in Cubas prerevolutionary tourism economy, for the widespread solicitation of male prostitutes by gay tourists contributed to the economy. Furthermore, the stratification of prerevolutionary Cuba also lured many heterosexual working-class men into the underworld of homosexual prostitution in order to earn a living. According to Leiner, the homosexual bourgeoisie largely controlled this underworld as did American organized crime, which managed the lucrative, but seedy occupational sector based on prostitution, drugs, and gambling. Such an aspect of prerevolutionary Cuban history is indicative of fears present among state officials in revolutionary Cuba, who perceived homosexuality as fertile ground for the re-emergence of American imperialism, the bourgeoisie, and classism in Cuban society. This is consistent with Lumsdens contention of revolutionary Cubas regulation of gender and sexuality in Cuba being a part of the state’s willingness to overcome underdevelopment and resist American efforts to prevent the revolution from succeeding. (xxi) According to Salas, gays were a remnant of capitalism in the eyes of the militant Cuban revolutionary. According to the Cuban government, the New Man was not motivated by the decadence and wanton lusts that characterize homosexuality, which the government believe was associated with the selfishness that marked capitalist societies. In a speech given on July 26, 1968, Fidel Castro characterized the revolution’s ideal New Man as possessing an altruistic and humanistic nature: â€Å"In a communist society, man will have succeeded in achieving just as much understanding, closeness, and brotherhood as he has on occasion achieved within the narrow circle of his own family. To live in a communist society is to live without selfishness, to live among the people, as if every one of our fellow citizens were really our dearest brother. † In addition to the idealism of Castro’s statement, there is also the character of the language behind his statement that is undoubtedly male as well as overwhelmingly exclusionary. The ideals promoted by Castro in the above excerpt can just as easily be prescribed to women for them to live by such ideals, but the â€Å"macho/socialist amalgam questioned whether male homosexuals could. †(Leiner 27) Leiner explains a study conducted by esteemed commentator Lourdes Casal, who analyzed the influence that the Cuban revolution had on Cuban literature. According to Leiner, Casal discovered a general disdain for homosexuals reflected in over 100 novels. Casal contended that the rejection of homosexuality was the rejection of femininity. Accusing a man of being a homosexual was to be considered an assault on that mans masculinity, and was considered synonymous with deeming that man a female who is devoid of strength and unworthy of holding power. (23) Such a meaning prescribed to the title â€Å"homosexual† underscores the nature of the Cuban governments patriarchal structure, in which power is directly associated with being a man both physically and sexually. Leiner also explains that in revolutionary Cuban society, the perception of homosexuality – and therefore, femininity – went beyond mere sexual preference. Physical weakness and lack of muscularity, a lack of interest in physical competition, the display of a quiet demeanor, or a gentle, nurturing or sensitive nature were enough to raise suspicion of homosexuality. According to Leiner, such qualities were perceived as weak and inferior, and therefore effeminate. The strong, abrasive, and competitive male was above suspicion of homosexuality. (22) The question of why homosexuals were perceived by the state as counter to the revolution remains partly unanswered. In addition to the Cuban government’s belief that homosexuals possessed undesirable qualities such as weakness, cowardice, and perversion, the state’s view of homosexuals as a danger to the institution that is the traditional family further compelled the state and the society it influenced to write homosexuals off as â€Å"antithetical to a socialist society. †(Leiner 25) Lesbian playwright Ana Maria Simo was jailed for four-and-a-half months in 1965 and also suffered shock treatment to correct her simply due to her associating with people who were suspected of being homosexual. She was not a lesbian at the time. She states that she and her friends were political individualists and anarchistic, and that is what bothered the government, not their being gay. (Ocasio 30) According to Leiner, lesbians were no cause of concern for the revolutionary government. Leiner states that Lourdes Casal found no mention, or even the vaguest hint of evidence of concern over lesbianism in either the pre- or post-revolutionary literary works that she analyzed. This is a manifestation of the Cuban government’s patriarchal structure in that the government’s complete absence of concern over the lesbianism in Cuba is indicative of the government’s â€Å"relegation of women as secondary, lesser others. (Leiner 23) Unlike homosexuals, lesbians posed no threat to the Cuban revolutionary cause, for the revolution never looked to women for signs of strength or power upon which the government could rely in order to ensure the success of the revolution. However, lesbians, even those who displayed overly masculine qualities, were still considered women just as homosexual males were, and both were deemed unqualified for revolutionary status by the state. Standards of gender and sexuality were prescribed and legitimized by the revolutionary state, thus criminalizing homosexuality. The government’s enforcement of its prescriptions has been carried out via formal as well as informal means. A prime example of a formal method of this enforcement is penal legislation. Such legislation involving homosexuality can be found in two sections of the Cuban statutes. In one section of the statutes, legislation involves the relation between homosexuality and the state’s concept of social dangerousness. Article 73 of the Cuban Penal Code regulates social dangerousness, and cites behavior deemed antisocial as its target. In Cuba, homosexuality has been legally deemed antisocial. (Salas 151) Lumsden cites the use of the word antisocial as a code to describe displays of homosexuality deemed ostentatious. (83) According to Salas, anti-homosexual legislation was considered a preventive measure, for the display of so much as even an attitude that authorities perceived as antisocial justified police intervention. (Salas 153) These laws stem from government fears, such as the fear of the threat that homosexuality poses to the traditional family structure. There is also the government’s fear of homosexuality hindering the success of the revolution, of which the fear of homosexuals corrupting the nation’s youth is a part. (Salas 154) The latter fear can explain homosexual males receiving much harsher punishments for having sex with underage boys compared to the punishments that males faced for having sex with underage females. (Lumsden 82) The fact that laws pertaining to homosexuality are in a section of the Penal Code that pertains to violations against sexual development and sexual relations that are considered normal is indicative of the state’s perception of homosexuality as a condition that is contagious and leads to pedophilia. For this reason, Article 317 also includes the act of propositioning an adult for homosexual sex in its permanent barring of convicted sex offenders from the teaching profession and any other field in which such an adult stands to have authority or potential influence over children. (Lumsden 84) Aside from the Cuban revolutionary government’s fears related to the issue of homosexuality, the eagerness of some government officials to enforce anti-homosexual law is also indicative of their determination to remain above suspicion of being homosexual for their own fear of legal and social reprisal at the hands of the government. Examples of this are provided by Reinaldo Arenas in his highly acclaimed autobiography Before Night Falls, in which he discusses various sexual encounters he had with homosexual government officials in Cuba. Arenas cited an incident in which a police officer with whom he had just had sexual intercourse actually arrested Arenas â€Å"for being queer. † â€Å"Perhaps he thought that by being the active partner he had not done anything wrong,† Arenas stated. This statement by Arenas is a clear reference to the commonly held perception of the active, penetrating partner in a sexual act between two men not being a homosexual because his dominant position is considered a product of masculinity and power. This perception is diametrically opposed to the perception of the penetrated partner, for this partner assumes a role that is subordinate to the dominant penetrator, thus representing the role of a woman. In Arenas’s aforementioned discussion of his arrest, he stated that at the police station, the arresting officer attempted to explain his arresting Arenas by falsely accusing Arenas of groping him. However, Arenas managed to prove the officer’s involvement in the homosexual act by quickly admitting to the other officers that he still had the officer’s semen on his body, thus making the officer the subject of much surprise and scorn from his colleagues and work superiors. As part of his account of this incident, Arenas alluded to the revolutionary government’s belief that it is not possible for a homosexual male to possess the qualities that makes a true revolutionary. At the same time, Arenas also made a reference to the belief of a homosexual male being equivalent to a woman: â€Å"They ended up saying it was a shame that a member of the police force would engage in such acts, because I, after all, had my weakness, but for him, being a man, there was no excuse for getting involved with a queer. † Because he managed to achieve a position as a police officer in the Cuban revolutionary government, which included a convincing display of the masculine traits that the Cuban government believed were instrumental to the composition of a true revolutionary, the police officer was undoubtedly a â€Å"man† in the eyes of the state, whereas Arenas was not. The engendering of the passive and active partner in homosexual intercourse is not exclusive to Cuban revolutionary society, however. In What It Means to Be a Man, Casper and Ramirez cite the bugarron, a term used in Puerto Rican society to describe a male who is always the one to penetrate the male partner, yet always considers himself heterosexual. The bugarron blatantly dismisses the notion of his partner’s masculinity, and confirms his partner as the â€Å"woman† of the situation by calling his partner names such as mujer, mami, mamita, or loca. (96) Furthermore, the bugarron’s â€Å"usage of sexuality is highly ritualized to conserve his manhood and avoid being questioned about it. †(Casper, Ramirez 97) The desire to only be a penetrator and never a recipient of penetration serves as a political metaphor. The perception of a penetrator as heterosexual and undeniably male is underscored by masculine traits such as strength and dominance. Pingueros, a name given to male prostitutes in Cuba who only penetrate and refuse to be penetrated, represent the conquering of foreign bodies when solicited by gay tourists. (Chant, Kraske 139) This representation mirrors the notion of Cuba not just fending off but successfully invading and â€Å"screwing back† the imperialist, capitalist nation that has – or might wish to – exploit Cuba for its own self-interests. Just like the concept of prescribing gender to an active and passive partner in sexual intercourse between two men was reached over time by way of changing attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions, attitudes and behaviors toward homosexuality in general changing over time is also to be considered. Cultures are not static; they change over time, as do the notions of gender and sexuality in a culture. (Casper, Ramirez 27) Over the past decades, Cuba has witnessed a certain degree of change in attitudes and actions toward homosexuality on behalf of Cuban society at large as well as on behalf of the state.

The Fine Arts are Essential for the Attainment of Human Excellence Essa

The Fine Arts are Essential for the Attainment of Human Excellence Fine art exists since the beginning of time. Its creation does not begin with that of mankind, for, verily, nature is the origin of all art; the ultimate of all artists. Humans, however, are not blind to it at birth. Since the bestowal of vision, both physical and that of the mind, man is expressing the desire to make corporeal that which it beholds. Evidence of this is found in ancient cave paintings, an attempt to immortalize a moment from the past, depicting one from another life. Undoubtedly there have also been drawings in the sand made by the tough-skinned fingers of the primordial ancestor. This urge to reincarnate the sights beheld by memory remains in the being of the present-day homo-sapiens. And between now and then, those with this trait dominant have been the creators and fashioners of paintings and sculptures sometimes revered as divine. Furthermore, these occupations require such skill, such craft knowledge, and finesse, that any other employment performed with a similar degree of these attributes is often given the status of an art. Indeed, the pursuit of the philosophy can also be deemed as such, as it requires just those graceful actions in the form of thought. The two are in fact much closer to being the same than not, and thus, the idea that they work together in complimentary engagement, is not so far fetched. The proceeding examination, therefore, lays the foundation in inspecting what art is, its function, and where its boundaries lie. Secondly, the endeavor extends into an analysis o how fine art can and does help to further the cause that is philosophy. The final conjecture here is that the fine arts are positively necessa... ...irdly, the achievement of human excellence is deemed to occur through the practice of philosophy. Finally, due to the before mentioned, the focal practice of art is essential for the attainment of human excellence through philosophy. Works Cited Herrigel, Eugen. Zen in the Art of Archery. Trans. R. F. C. Hull. New York: Vintage. 1981. Lao Tzu. Tao Te Ching. Trans Stephen Mitchell. New York: Harper. 1988. Plato. Euthyphro, Apology, Crito. Trans. F. J. Church. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. 1948. Strong, David, and Eric Higgs. â€Å"Borgmann’s Philosophy of Technology.† Technology and the Good Life? Eds. Eric Higgs, Andrew Light, David Strong. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2000. Strong, David. Lecture. Introduction to Philosophy and Religious Thought course. Rocky Mountain College, Billings, MT. Spring semester, 2000.

The Jesus I Never Knew

What takes place when an esteemed Christian journalist chooses to put his presumptions aside and take a long look at the Jesus depicted in the Gospels? How does the Jesus of the New Testament measure up to the †new, rediscovered Jesus — or even the Jesus we suppose we know so well? In The Jesus I Never Knew, Yancey delved into the life of Jesus, as he elucidates, â€Å"‘from below,' to come to terms with as best I can what it must have been like to observe in person the extraordinary events unfolding in Galilee and Judea† as Jesus journeyed and taught. In fact, he stumbled on himself further and further detached from the person of Jesus, diverted in its place by flannel-graph figures and scholarly assessment. He single-mindedly used his journalistic flair to approach Jesus, in the perspective of time, surrounded by the context of history. Yancey investigates three essential questions: who Jesus was, why he came, and what he left behind. Step by step, scene by scene, Yancey explores the culture into which Jesus was born and matured to adulthood; his moral fiber and calling; his teachings and miracles; and his legacy not just as the historical account explained it, but as he himself planned it to be. This book by Philip Yancey is faith-building look at Jesus' life–his family, his teachings, the miracles, and his death and resurrection. Phillip Yancey says, â€Å"The Jesus I got to know in writing this book is very different from the Jesus I learned about in Sunday school. † In a number of ways he is more reassuring; in some ways more startling. Yancey puts forward a fresh and singular perspective on the life of Christ and who he was and why he came. Linking the gospel events to the human race and our cosmos that we live in today, The Jesus I Never Knew provides a poignant and invigorating description of the preeminent figure of history. With an eagerness to undertake the complex matters in the Gospels, Yancey comes across at the uncompromising words of this itinerant Jewish carpenter and inquires whether we are taking him earnestly enough in our own day and age. According to Yancey, â€Å"No one who meets Jesus ever stays the same. †

Cost Effectiveness And Commitment

Human resource managers in organizations have various tasks to carry out in an organization. One of the tasks is carrying out cost effectiveness in an organization. They also have the responsibility of ensuring that there is commitment both at the individual level and organizational level. Carrying out cost effectiveness in an organization has got its own effects both positive and negative. Human resource managers need to ensure that the consequences of cost effectiveness and commitment are reconcilable. In each and every organization, there is normally the pressure of reducing cots so that profits are maximized.As human resource managers develop a cost reduction strategy, it is important that there be some reconciliation with the commitment in the organization. Before looking at the extent that consequences of cost effectiveness and commitment reconcile one has to have the broader picture of the effects of reducing costs within an organization. (Condrey, 1998) Cost reduction or cost effectiveness can be carried out through various means. One of them is through minimizing the number of employees within the organization.There are some cases where human resource managers are compelled to carry out retrenchment of some employees in order to minimize costs. This means that the few employees that remain in the organization have to carry out multitasking. Cost effectiveness in an organization can also be implemented by reducing employee’s bonuses and allowances. This includes scraping off of medical allowances from employees’ salaries. The other way that cost effectiveness is carried out by human resource managers is through introducing of technology. This includes having computers and internet in an organization.Instead of having messengers in an organization, use of emails is incorporated. This is very cost effective. Human resource managers also increase employees’ working hours so that there is more productivity in an organization. All these ventures carried out with the motive of enhancing cost effectiveness have got various consequences to an organization. For instance when retrenchment is carried out, there is a likelihood that that the remaining employees will do their best at work. When salaries are reduced and also allowances and bonuses reduced, this can greatly de-motivate employees. Maund, 2001)Research indicates that it is a very tricky venture to incorporate cost effective practices like the ones that are listed above without affecting or compromising the organization’s growth potential by having employees being less committed. While carrying out cost effectiveness in an organization is a venture of trimming the fat, human resource managers have to be very careful such that they do not cut into the bone too. This simply means that everything carried out within an organization to help minimize costs has to be very well planned and the consequences of the same well evaluated.Many human resource managers just carry out cost effectiveness without having any buy in from the employees in the organization. Even as this venture is carried out, there is the need of identifying the core competencies in relation to improving the entire efficacy within the organization. Outsourcing is also one of the consequences or the outcomes of cost effectiveness. This has got adverse effects on the general commitment of employees. Employees can feel that they are not that important or rather qualified to carry out the tasks within the organization.That is why it is important that consequences of carrying out cost effectiveness within an organization be clearly evaluated such that they do not have such adverse effects on employees’ commitment. (Wintermantel, 1997) There are various steps that can be taken by human resource managers in the motive of implementing cost effectiveness. This includes contracting out some of the business in the organization that is not very core in nature. One has to und erstand the consequences of these ventures can affect the company’s relationship with customers such that they change focus and become less committed to the company’s products or services.In this case, whatever step that is taken has to be done with great caution and after very extensive consultation such that an equilibrium state can be reached. This is whereby there is cost effectiveness and yet the organization continues to experience growth. The extent to which the consequences of cost effectiveness and commitment can reach a reconcilable state is ensuring that proper planning is carried out. Cost effectiveness as many scholars say is not rocket science. It is said that anyone can actually carry out cost cutting in an organization, but very few do it well such that the organization suffers a great deal.For the consequences of cost effectiveness and commitment to reconcile the whole process has to be carried out very efficiently and effectively. The following consid erations have to be put in place. †¢ One has to remember that money is not everything †¢ Change has to be carried carefully When costs in an organization are cut, there is great realignment that occurs in an organization. Cost effectiveness sometimes means elimination of departments, people, customers, research and development projects and even initiatives.This affects the Company’s activities and therefore human resource managers need to know that it is not just an issue of what or who to eliminate. Rather it is an issue with adequate preparation for the same, anticipation and consequences of the changes that help in overall determination of the success within an organization. The extent to which the desired consequences of cost effectiveness and commitment can merge is just having an initial focus in the whole venture. The human resource manager has to clearly ascertain that the desired change in cost effectiveness in the organization is actually very necessary â € ¢ How the success will be measured†¢ The areas that have priorities be clearly defined †¢ How the consequences of cost effectiveness will be managed The other way through which the consequences of cost effectiveness and commitment can be merged is through building of local support within the organization and also simple listening to the local voices within the organization. It is said that good listeners are quite hard to find. This is where there is picking up of messages that are conveyed through gestures, expressions silence and behavioural cues.This is quite important when carrying out cost effectiveness in an organization. Carrying out cost effectives in an organization is known to be a very difficult task. This is the case especially when employees or team members speak different languages and come from different cultures. For instance in multilingual environments, problems are bound to occur in relation to intent and meaning of speech. Human resource managers ha ve the hard task when carrying out cost effectiveness such that not only people from a certain tribe have to be laid off.This has got its own effects on the commitment of employees that remain in the organization. Human resource management consequences of commitment and cost effectiveness are only reconcilable when various measures are put in place. This includes empowering employees in the organization to develop solutions which can be owned locally. Human resource managers need to set the vision and then have the team coached. This allows the local stakeholders to own the whole process of ensuring cost effectiveness. This makes employees be held to their commitment.Cost effectiveness change can only be effective or successful when the projects have people who are empowered in control and planning of the whole process. (Thomson, 2003) Commitment can be build to ensure success among employees, vendors, customers, local managers and partners. It is good that good communication networ ks be carried out so that so that commitment of the stakeholders within the organization is enhanced. Human resource managers have to clearly understand that success within an organization is not just in monetary values. It is also through commitment of stakeholders within the organization too. Wintermantel, 1997)Top human resource manager in an organization has to demonstrate simultaneously the commitment to listening, cost reduction and listening from employees and other stakeholders within the organization. One of the critical tools is having effective communication. This helps a great deal to maintain the commitment of employees within the organization even if ventures of cutting costs are implemented. Cost reduction is known to be a matter of survival for very many organizations. While there can be consensus on this issue, the challenge normally lies in delivering the whole process of cost reduction. ConclusionThe desired human resource management consequences of commitment and cost effectiveness are reconcilable. This is when proper measures are considered when implementing cost effectiveness within the organization. Communication is a very important factor that has to be considered when carrying out cost effectiveness. Proper communication has to be carried out to the various stakeholders within the organization like customers, vendors and employees. Change even if it is in line with cost effectiveness has to be carried out carefully. Human resource managers need to know that success in an organization is not just in monetary terms only.